[EM] the 'who' and the 'what' - phantom equivalences

[Michael Allan]

   Functional Equivalences between Public (Parallel Phantom)
           and Administrative Electoral Systems

 *   Functionally         Qualifier (as phantom)
     Equivalent to
---  ------------------   -------------------------------------

 1   Party primary        Has no connection to any party, and
                          endorses no candidate

 2   Poll                 Does not actually poll anybody

 3   Principal election   Does not actually elect anybody

 4   System of parties    Does not actually contain any parties

 5   Legislature          Does not actually pass any laws

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[1] Figure 6. Electoral relations between the public sphere and the
    administrative system.
    http://zelea.com/project/votorola/d/theory.xht#structural-change

[2] When corrected for participation bias, as Raph suggests.

[3] If participation approaches principal turnout, principal becomes a
    rubber stamper.

[4] Recursive delegation throws up ad hoc interest groupings, ranging
    in scale from the particular interest of a single individual, to
    the general interest of all participants, and everything in
    between.  Taken with primary elections [1], this covers the main
    purpose of a party system.

[5] When delegates get bored with voting for assembly members, they
    start voting on their own legislative bills.

-- 
Michael Allan

Toronto, 647-436-4521
http://zelea.com/