[EM] IIA Theory

[Markus Schulze]

I prefer the following wordings:

Deterministic Independence from Irrelevant Alternatives:

   Suppose, that candidate A would have not been elected
   if candidate B hadn't run. Then -if candidate B does run-
   candidate A must not be elected.

Stochastic Independence from Irrelevant Alternatives:

   Suppose, that candidate A would have been elected with
   the probability p if candidate B hadn't run. Then
   -if candidate B does run- the probability that candidate
   A is elected must not be larger than p.

Markus Schulze