<div dir="auto">Hi Kristofer,<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">A super minor point, but I'd expect to see quite the variability among different implementations of STV. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">At the extreme, you can derive Meek or Warren from IRV at all, so the implementation would likely matter a lot.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Regards,</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, 7 Aug 2025, 11:28 pm Kristofer Munsterhjelm via Election-Methods, <<a href="mailto:election-methods@lists.electorama.com">election-methods@lists.electorama.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Since I've been thinking about coalitional manipulation (and <br>
strategy-resistant methods) lately, I got to think about how it might <br>
generalize to multiwinner without needing to assume anything about voter <br>
utilities. This is a tough thing to do because a strategy could <br>
theoretically be "partially succcessful", i.e. an attempt to replace <br>
three winners could end up replacing only two of them. It's not like <br>
single-winner where you either accomplish your goal (increase <br>
probability that X wins) or don't.<br>
<br>
Well, I think I found two approaches:<br>
<br>
Suppose that the winners prior to manipulation are W_1, ..., W_n, and <br>
call the winner set W. Say that a voter prefers a winning set X = {X_1, <br>
..., X_n} to W if his kth highest ranked candidate in X is no lower <br>
ranked than the kth highest ranked candidate in W, for all k, and at <br>
least one of them is strict (the voter ranks the kth highest candidate <br>
in X higher than the kth highest candidate in W).<br>
<br>
As an example, consider a voter whose ballot is<br>
B>C>A>D>E<br>
and another whose ballot is<br>
A>C>B>E>D.<br>
<br>
Suppose that W = {C,E}, and X = {A, B}.<br>
The first voter prefers A to E and B to C, and thus prefers the winning <br>
set X to W.<br>
The second voter prefers B to E and A to C, and thus also prefers the <br>
winning set X to W.<br>
<br>
Then, if the honest outcome for a multiwinner method is W, and there <br>
exists a coalition or group of voters who all prefer a winning set X to <br>
W, and they can get all of X elected by altering their ballots...<br>
<br>
... then that method is manipulable for that election.<br>
<br>
The idea is that any voter who prefers X to W can say that he's better <br>
off participating in the strategy because, for any winner in W, he <br>
prefers or is indifferent to someone in X. For instance, for the first <br>
voter above, he prefers X to W because if A and B win, then he can say:<br>
I'm not worse off due to A being elected, because E is no longer<br>
elected and I prefer A to E.<br>
and I'm not worse off due to B being elected, because C is no<br>
longer elected and I prefer B to C.<br>
<br>
For the second approach, note that the former doesn't capture all <br>
coalitional manipulation that would make sense if we knew the voters' <br>
utilities. If we did, a voter might accept losing one good candidate if <br>
it led other better candidates to be elected, e.g. consider<br>
<br>
W = {C, E}<br>
X = {A, B}<br>
<br>
with a voter whose honest ballot is<br>
<br>
C>A>B>E.<br>
<br>
This voter does not prefer X to W by the definition above, but if the <br>
utilities were<br>
<br>
C = 100,<br>
A = 99,<br>
B = 98,<br>
E = 0<br>
<br>
and there are no interaction effects (e.g. no desire for the voter to <br>
not see the reps obstruct each other, etc.); then the voter would <br>
benefit from manipulating the winners to {A,B}.<br>
<br>
So we could also define a "worst-case" coalitional manipulation concept: <br>
voter V is part of a valid coalition for manipulating W to X if there <br>
exists an assignment of utilities consistent with V's ranking, so that <br>
V's expected utility given X is greater than V's expected utility given W.<br>
<br>
Then the method is worst-case manipulable in an election if there exists <br>
a set of winners X and a valid coalition for manipulating W to X, so <br>
that if the members of that coalition manipulates, then the outcome <br>
changes from W to X.<br>
<br>
(Whether such an assigment is possible can be determined by trying to <br>
set a dividing rank so that more candidates of X than of W are ranked at <br>
or above the dividing rank. Then set utilities very high on the high <br>
side of the divider and low on the low side. For instance, for the <br>
C>A>B>E example, if the divider is at third rank, then assigning C, A, <br>
and B approximately one, and E approximately zero, works.)<br>
<br>
<br>
Whatever concept one uses, it would be interesting to see actual figures <br>
for, say, STV vs Schulze STV. Would the latter's resistance to vote <br>
management show up as reduced general coalitional manipulability? Or <br>
does IRV's resistant set property generalize enough to STV that it would <br>
outdo Schulze STV in manipulation resistance?<br>
<br>
-km<br>
----<br>
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</blockquote></div>