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<p>Kevin,<br>
<br>
Sorry for the long pause. Just sticking for a moment with plain
ranking methods (with no explicit approval cutoff but truncation
definitely allowed) then I think "Double Defeat (implicit)" is a
very useful criterion that implies all of Plurality, Minimal
Defense and the Strong Defensive Strategy Criterion.<br>
<br>
If more voters sincerely prefer A to B than vice versa, then the
voters who prefer A to B can ensure that B doesn't win simply by
truncating B and not A. Notice that that set of voters doesn't
have to be more than half the voters and A doesn't doesn't have to
be a sincere CW.<br>
<br>
Now to talk about a problem of all preferential methods. Say
there are three factions of voters, each with its own candidate.
Each faction strongly wants its own candidate to win and has no
real preference among the other two, i.e. is about equally hostile
to or disinterested in both of them. Say it is known from polling
that candidate A has about 50% support and candidates B and C each
have about 25%.<br>
<br>
A is obviously the highest SU candidate, and with normal natural
sincere say Approval voting all the voters will truncate two of
the candidates and A easily wins. But with a preferential system
(especially one that meets Clone-Winner, as they all should) the B
and C factions<br>
have a huge incentive to do a preference-swap deal. That way each
of them raise their chance of winning from zero to about 25%.<br>
<br>
In light of that, to some even a result like<br>
<br>
49 A<br>
26 B>C<br>
25 C>B<br>
<br>
can look suspicious. Yes B and C are a perfect set of voted clones
and a Mutual Majority and B is a voted Condorcet winner, but in
the real world some might say that the B and C factions "ganged
up" on A and "manipulated the election".<br>
If voting is optional, the A faction might like to sponsor a minor
candidate X whose supporters prefer A to B and C but not enough to
bother voting if X is not on the ballot. So say that results in
just 3 more ballots, all X>A, then A wins.<br>
<br>
Now say we have this much discussed example:<br>
<br>
49 A<br>
24 B<br>
27 C>B<br>
<br>
By Double Defeat (implicit) B must win. But those people who
were unhappy and cynical and suspicious about A's loss in the
first example won't accept it in this one.<br>
<br>
There are several reasons why voters take lower preferences less
seriously than election method pundits (especially the Condorcet
enthusiasts). Obviously in most places they are used to casting
FPP ballots.<br>
<br>
In Australia voting is compulsory and in most elections truncation
is not allowed. This would be a big burden on voters who take it
seriously if it wasn't for the regular custom of parties and
sometimes independent candidates advising their supporters on how
to complete their ballots. So a lot of voters are only thinking
about which party should get their "primary vote", and the lower
preferences are just some relatively arbitrary formality to ensure
that their vote is counted.<br>
<br>
And parties who are confident that their voters' lower preferences
won't be distributed normally just advise their voters to fill out
the ballot in the way that is most convenient.<br>
<br>
I think Double Defeat (implicit) is incompatible with Symmetric
Completion, a criterion I like. In the second example I am fine
with Hare or Benham electing A.<br>
<br>
But if the voters can give an explicit approval cutoff and the
method complies with Double Defeat (explicit) then most potential
complaints from losers will be much weaker (and of course none
will be stronger, and the voters get a more expressive ballot).<br>
<br>
Chris B.<br>
<br>
<br>
</p>
<h1
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</h1>
<b
style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Chris
Benham</b><span
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href="mailto:election-methods%40lists.electorama.com?Subject=Re%3A%20%5BEM%5D%20Strategy-free%20criterion&In-Reply-To=%3C823bb761-54e0-4228-8cb6-4195a1755c6d%40yahoo.com.au%3E"
title="[EM] Strategy-free criterion"
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at yahoo.com.au</a><br
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<i
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Jun 23 16:31:34 PDT 2024</i>
<hr
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<pre
style="white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Kevin,
><i> If one thinks GMC was contrived just to support Schulze(WV), it's worth asking how
</i>><i> Woodall also managed to invent it (as CDTT).
</i>Too easy. Woodall's CDTT was merely a set and not a normative
criterion. He never said that he thought that the winner should come
from the CDTT set.
><i> If I could prove that method XYZ was the best at
</i>><i> sincere Condorcet efficiency (or substitute SU if you prefer), you would categorize
</i>><i> that as mainly a marketing benefit?
</i>
Talking about sincere Condorcet efficiency (and not SU) among methods
that meet voted Smith, yes. The sincere (voted or not) CW's status
could be based on some very weak, barely existing, pairwise preferences.
If the identity of this CW has been "concealed" by voters choosing (or
not bothering) to express them, then big deal.
><i> I have nothing against explicit cutoffs.
</i>
I'm glad to hear it. Methods in that category that meet Double Defeat
cut through a few Gordian knots, and render all (or nearly all) of the
rankings-only "defensive strategy" criteria irrelevant.
More on this later.
Chris B.
On 24/06/2024 7:38 am, Kevin Venzke wrote:
><i> Hi Chris,
</i>><i>
</i>><i> Chris Benham <<a
href="http://lists.electorama.com/listinfo.cgi/election-methods-electorama.com">cbenhamau at yahoo.com.au</a>> a écrit :
</i>>>><i> What I call inherently of value would be things like sincere Condorcet efficiency or
</i>>>><i> reduced strategic incentives.
</i>>><i>
</i>>><i> I can understand voted Smith-set fundamentalism, and that is expensive enough. But if
</i>>><i> there is a top cycle I don't share the mind-set "Probably there is a sincere CW
</i>>><i> (concealed by strategic truncation or order-reversal) and our top priority should be to
</i>>><i> infer or guess who that is and elect him/her." There may well be no sincere CW or a
</i>>><i> higher SU candidate. So quite nice, but mainly just a marketing benefit.
</i>><i> I'm not sure how to read this. If I could prove that method XYZ was the best at
</i>><i> sincere Condorcet efficiency (or substitute SU if you prefer), you would categorize
</i>><i> that as mainly a marketing benefit? To me this is the entire thing that the method
</i>><i> is supposed to be doing.
</i>><i>
</i>>><i> <a
href="https://electowiki.org/wiki/Strategy-free_criterion"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://electowiki.org/wiki/Strategy-free_criterion</a>
</i>>><i>
</i>>><i> If a Condorcet candidate exists, and if a majority prefers this candidate to another
</i>>><i> candidate, then the other candidate should not win if that majority votes sincerely and
</i>>><i> no other voter falsifies any preferences.
</i>>><i>
</i>>><i> I think that is very similar to the Generalised Majority Criterion,
</i>><i> It's much more limited.
</i>><i>
</i>>><i> enough for me to
</i>>><i> reject it on the same grounds. And even if I didn't have that criticism, I don't see
</i>>><i> why it's something we should care much about. It looks like something contrived just to
</i>>><i> serve as ammunition against Hare and Margins.
</i>><i> It does have that role, but Hare/Margins already fail the other criteria. I have
</i>><i> always viewed SFC as an explanation of what could be improved in Approval.
</i>><i>
</i>><i> I would not say someone needs to care about SFC specifically, but it addresses
</i>><i> truncation incentive, so it isn't useless to satisfy it.
</i>><i>
</i>>><i> (And possibly the similar GMC was contrived just to help promote the Schulze method.)
</i>><i> If one thinks GMC was contrived just to support Schulze(WV), it's worth asking how
</i>><i> Woodall also managed to invent it (as CDTT).
</i>><i>
</i>>><i> I would think that if the method
</i>>><i> is making some attempt to minimise the number of "wasted votes", then
</i>>><i> many voters would want to be able to express their full sincere ranking
</i>>><i> and also would at least not mind giving their sincere or semi-sincere
</i>>><i> approval cutoff.
</i>><i> I have nothing against explicit cutoffs.
</i>><i>
</i>><i> Kevin
</i>><i> votingmethods.net</i></pre>
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