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<p><br>
It has been recently claimed here that STAR is better than Hare,
and that the promoters of STAR have been much<br>
more honest than the US promoters of Hare (aka IRV or RCV).<br>
<br>
I strongly disagree.<br>
<br>
Score is Approval with a "I wish to weaken the effect of my vote
for the sake of being more sincere/expressive" box/button.<br>
So it is strategically equivalent to Approval while being more
complicated and less fair.<br>
<br>
And Approval has a quite good reputation here because it meets
Favorite Betrayal (aka FBC) and compared with FPP the winner<br>
will have strongly tend to have higher social utility and be much
more likely be a sincere Condorcet winner. Also, and not
unrelatedly, <br>
it has a bias toward centrists that some people think is
wonderful.<br>
<br>
But some people seem to think that adding a Top-Two Runoff
(automated in the case of STAR) to Score (to make STAR) is just<br>
a harmless little gimmick that just makes the method "a bit more
accurate", brings it into compliance with Condorcet Loser<br>
and so must make it more "Condorcet efficient". ("Sky-high"
according to CLC).<br>
<br>
But actually it makes the method profoundly different and very
bad. It seems to me that the inventors of STAR must have been <br>
motivate by three priorities:<br>
<br>
(1) the method isn't Hare, <br>
<br>
(2) the method, in a purely technical and completely useless way,
apparently meets Mono-raise (aka Monotonicity).<br>
<br>
(3) subject to being saleable to and understood by the not-so-deep
minded, the method be as bad as possible.<br>
<br>
From the "equal-vote" website: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.equal.vote/">https://www.equal.vote/</a><br>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite"><span
style="color: rgb(47, 47, 47); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Ranked
Choice Voting, where voters rank candidates in order of
preference has been lauded as a solution, but in elections
where the third candidate is actually competitive,<span> </span></span><a
rel="noopener"
href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhO6jfHPFQU&t=169s"
target="_blank"
style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(42, 162, 179); text-decoration: underline; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">vote-splitting
remains a serious issue</a><span
style="color: rgb(47, 47, 47); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"><span> </span>and
RCV only offers a marginal improvement compared to a primary
and general election with Choose-One Plurality voting.</span></blockquote>
</p>
<p>
<blockquote type="cite"><span
style="color: rgb(47, 47, 47); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Luckily,
many voting methods are can effectively prevent
vote-splitting. As it turns out, when voters can weigh in on
each candidate individually, when all ballot data is counted,
and when voters are able to show equal preference,
vote-splitting can be eliminated. All voting methods which do
this pass the</span><span
style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(47, 47, 47); font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> </span><a
rel="noopener"
href="https://electowiki.org/wiki/Equal_Vote_Criterion"
target="_blank"
style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(42, 162, 179); text-decoration: underline; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Equal
Vote Criterion</a><span
style="color: rgb(47, 47, 47); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">,
including </span><a rel="noopener"
href="https://www.starvoting.us/star" target="_blank"
style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(42, 162, 179); text-decoration: underline; font-size: 16px; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">STAR
Voting</a><span
style="color: rgb(47, 47, 47); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">,...</span></blockquote>
<br>
The "Equal Vote Criterion" is just propaganda nonsense:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://electowiki.org/wiki/Equal_Vote_Criterion">https://electowiki.org/wiki/Equal_Vote_Criterion</a><br>
<blockquote type="cite"><span
style="color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">The
Equal Vote Criterion or<span> </span></span><a rel="nofollow"
class="external text"
href="https://www.equal.vote/theequalvote"
style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: url("/1.41/skins/Vector/resources/skins.vector.styles/images/link-external-small-ltr-progressive.svg?30a3a") right center / 0.857em no-repeat rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word; padding-right: 1em; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal;">Equality
Criterion</a><span
style="color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"><span> </span>is
a<span> </span></span><a
href="https://electowiki.org/wiki/Voting_system_criterion"
title="Voting system criterion"
style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal;">voting
method criterion</a><span
style="color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"><span> </span>which
requires that a voting method ensure that every voter may cast
a vote which is as powerful as a vote cast by any other voter.
Voting methods which pass the Equal Vote Criterion do not
exhibit<span> </span></span><a
href="https://electowiki.org/wiki/Vote-splitting"
class="mw-redirect" title="Vote-splitting"
style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal;">vote-splitting</a><span
style="color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;"><span> </span>or
the "Spoiler Effect," ensuring that every vote can cast an<span> </span></span><a
href="https://electowiki.org/wiki/Equally_Weighted_Vote"
title="Equally Weighted Vote"
style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 204); background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal;">equally
weighted vote</a><span
style="color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">.</span></blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite"><span
style="color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline !important; float: none;">Choose-One
Plurality Voting (First Past the Post) and Instant Runoff
Voting (often referred to as Ranked Choice Voting) do not
satisfy the Equal Vote Criterion.</span></blockquote>
<br>
This is just dishonest blather. If anything meets this very vague
and confused "criterion" IRV (aka Hare) certainly does. <br>
<br>
The classic scenario that motivated some people get negative about
Hare (and also methods like Min-Max Margins):<br>
<br>
49 Bush<br>
24 Gore<br>
27 Nader>Gore<br>
</p>
<p>Gore>Bush 51-49, Bush>Nader 49-27, Nader>Gore 27-24.<br>
<br>
Hare eliminates Gore and elects Bush, so the Nader voters whose
Gore> Bush preference was strong had incentive to use the
Compromise <br>
strategy and vote Gore>Nader ("betraying" their sincere
favourite). If the method was Approval they could have approved
both Nader and<br>
Gore, preventing the election of Bush without having to vote their
sincere favorite below equal-top.<br>
<br>
But in this type of scenario STAR does no better than Hare. The
Nader voters would have incentive to give Nader zero points.<br>
<br>
"Traditionally" Hare's vulnerability to Push-over strategy has
said to be a result of it's failure of Mono-raise. But STAR is
much more vulnerable<br>
to Push-over.<br>
<br>
Say you are sure that your favourite will make the final two. In
that case then you have incentive to give every candidate that you
are sure your<br>
favourite can beat 4 or 5 stars. If 5 stars then you are relying
on you favourite winning the runoff without your help, but if 4
stars then you might<br>
fail to get one of the predicted sure-loser turkeys into the
final.<br>
<br>
In a Hare Push-over strategy scenario, the strategists rely on
their favourite winning the runoff against their own votes, i.e.
with their votes supporting<br>
the turkey against their favourite.<br>
<br>
The equal-vote site has a link to a quite ok video on the Favorite
Betrayal Criterion. I find that weird and misleading, because
STAR fails FBC.<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtKAScORevQ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtKAScORevQ</a><br>
<br>
From <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.starvoting.org/">https://www.starvoting.org/</a><br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<h2
style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; font-family: Montserrat, sans-serif; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.2; color: rgb(2, 106, 134); font-size: 2.25rem; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Why
STAR Voting? </h2>
<p
style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; line-height: 1.7; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><span
style="box-sizing: border-box;">Voting reform is the
keystone. A single cause with the potential to empower us to
be more effective on every other issue we care about. </span></p>
<ul
style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<p
style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; line-height: 1.7;"><a
rel="noopener"
href="https://www.starvoting.org/strategic_voting"
target="_blank"
style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(42, 162, 179); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Honesty
is the best strategy. Strategic voting is not
incentivized.</a></p>
</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<p
style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; line-height: 1.7;"><a
rel="noopener"
href="https://www.starvoting.org/how_to_vote"
target="_blank"
style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(42, 162, 179); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Even
if your favorite can’t win, your vote helps prevent your
worst case scenario.</a></p>
</li>
<li style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<p
style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 1rem; line-height: 1.7;"><a
rel="noopener"
href="https://www.starvoting.org/accuracy"
target="_blank"
style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(42, 162, 179); text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Highly
accurate, no matter how many candidates/parties are in
the race.</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<br>
I'm not sure exactly what "accurate" is supposed to mean, but I
refute the suggestion that these claims are more true of STAR than
they are of Hare.<br>
</p>
<p>Chris<br>
<br>
<br>
</p>
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