<div dir="ltr">I think you're overcomplicating it. The question to ask is about incentives. In public elections, voters (and candidates) will follow the incentives. For public elections under a Condorcet method, by far the strongest incentive is to vote honestly.</div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, Jan 12, 2024 at 2:06 PM Kristofer Munsterhjelm <<a href="mailto:km_elmet@t-online.de">km_elmet@t-online.de</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">On 2024-01-12 19:45, Sass wrote:<br>
> > as of now I don't think anyone has much evidence for what will happen <br>
> in practice.<br>
> <br>
> I think we do. We have the full ballot data on 448 RCV elections in the <br>
> US from this century. Only one did not have a Condorcet Winner. Even if <br>
> you reduce the set to elections with three competitive candidates <br>
> (defined as elections where the candidate with the third most first <br>
> choices has at least half as many as the candidate with the most), it's <br>
> still only 1 in 88, which could easily become 1 in 880 over time. If <br>
> elections with no Condorcet Winner are that unlikely, then by far the <br>
> strongest incentive for voters is to vote honestly as a rule. And we <br>
> know from RCV that voters are inclined to vote honestly under new <br>
> systems until the system backfires on them.<br>
<br>
I think the problem is one of predicting how voters may alter their <br>
behavior when the circumstances change. Consider these possible <br>
descriptions:<br>
<br>
- Voters always vote in a way that there's a majority candidate. If so, <br>
FPTP is sufficient.<br>
<br>
- Voters always vote in a way that there's a number of no-hope fringe <br>
candidates as well as a mutual majority set containing clones of what <br>
would otherwise be a majority candidate. If so, IRV is sufficient.<br>
<br>
- Voters always vote in a way that there's a Condorcet winner, possibly <br>
with spurious cycles from noise. If so, any Condorcet method will <br>
suffice, and Condorcet cycles can be handled like ordinary ties, by a <br>
coin toss or whatnot.<br>
<br>
- Voters' honest distributions will always have a Condorcet winner but <br>
they may strategize, or be told to strategize by the candidates. If so, <br>
strategy resistance is more important.<br>
<br>
- Voters will vote for multiple viable candidates if the method doesn't <br>
have too strong incentives to exit, and politics may evolve to be <br>
multidimensional, in which case honest cycles would appear. Then just <br>
how the Condorcet method deals with cycles would be important, as would <br>
robust clone independence (i.e. clone independence that generalizes to <br>
JGA's incentives to exit and entry).<br>
<br>
- Voters have an absolute utility scale and would use it if they can, <br>
making distinctions beyond ranking. If so, we may need rated methods. <br>
(Or if a relative scale, something that normalizes rated ballots and treats<br>
<br>
etc.<br>
<br>
It's difficult to say ahead of time which of these are right. An <br>
argument to the extent that "we have n elections and none of these have <br>
shown behavior beyond the kth of these descriptions" has a flaw in that <br>
they are all under the context of the current method.<br>
<br>
But we at least know that the first two descriptions are false. It *is* <br>
possible to say "ah, those two instances of center squeeze are just <br>
flukes" and keep going for IRV, but that seems rather iffy.<br>
<br>
I suppose my position has been a combination of trying to get things <br>
right the first time (hence advanced/cloneproof Condorcet methods) and <br>
going by my own intuition (which finds the ambiguity of honest votes in <br>
a non-normalized rated system a real problem that burdens even honest <br>
voters with tactical decisions).<br>
<br>
But I can't prove that "minmax and be there" would fail.<br>
<br>
-km<br>
</blockquote></div>