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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 19/10/2023 12:50, Richard Lung
wrote:<br>
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<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:802a363e-67c3-88f2-17a6-53d3d39733b9@ukscientists.com">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">Representative efficiency</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold""> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">A nine-member constituency with a transferable
vote, like Cambridge. will have at least 90% efficient
democratic representation of the population, including its
ethnic diversity and gender balance. (Compare simple plurality
with thirty odd or forty odd percent efficiency on only a
minimum of -- largely undesired -- choice.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">But there are more marginal considerations. For
instance the Hare quota for maximum proportional
representation is too high a threshold, requiring some
deference from voters, in smaller constituencies, to be met.
And the Droop quota giving a minimum PR is too low a
threshold, making possible chance victories.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">A more representative PR than these two extremes
avoids either disadvantage. This is provided by their average,
which is the harmonic mean. Hence I introduced the Harmonic
Mean quota, votes/(seats + ½).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">The HM quota is equivalent to the Saint Lague
divisor method (or Webster apportionment) reported by
Carstairs to be regarded as the most equitable share-out.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">The HM quota brings the most equitable share-out
to voters lists (STV) as distinct from party lists. Party
lists are a denial of human rights by disregarding individual
representation. Party lists, which use an illiterate
non-transferable vote, can only express division. Whereas the
transferable vote can express a democratic choice of coalition
or union, which needn’t be merely partisan.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">I heard from a partisan of party lists that STV is
only used in a tiny number of countries. Evidently genuinely
democratic elections with transferable voting will require
overcoming a formidable herd instinct that has a hold of
humanity.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">It is possible that other averages than the HM
quota may be used to increase representative efficiency. And
indeed I use four, in the advanced version of my Binomial STV
system.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold""> Regards,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">Richard Lung.<br>
</span></p>
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