<div dir="auto"><div>Dear EM List Friends,<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">We need your feedback on this draft of a proposal before we submit a version of it to the voting reform community at large.</div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">---------- Forwarded message ---------<br>From: <strong class="gmail_sendername" dir="auto">Forest Simmons</strong> <span dir="auto"><<a href="mailto:forest.simmons21@gmail.com">forest.simmons21@gmail.com</a>></span><br>Date: Thu, Oct 12, 2023, 5:35 PM<br>Subject: Duncan Proposal Draft<br>To: Michael Ossipoff <<a href="mailto:email9648742@gmail.com">email9648742@gmail.com</a>><br></div><br><br><div dir="auto">Michael Christened our new Q&D burial resistant method "Duncan" after Duncan Black who popularized the idea of using Borda's Method as a fallback "completion" when the ballots fail to unambiguously reveal the sincere "Condorcet" pairbeats-all candidate.<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Our Duncan method has the same form as Black's in that the official version directly specifies electing the unambiguous Condorcet Candidate when there is one, and falls back to another procedure that relies on Borda Scores, otherwise.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">It should be emphasized that in both cases the fall back Borda based expedient is rarely needed. For that reason some misguided voting reform advocates have cavalierly opined that any decisive completion/ fallback method would be plenty adequate to supplement the Condorcet Criterion requirement.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">However, this casual attitude ignores the feedback aspects of voting systems in that various voting methods vary in the degree that they encourage or discourage the creation of artificial beat cycles that subvert/ hide the Condorcet Candidate from view, bringing the completion method into greater prominence in a potentially unstable cycle.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Unfortunately most of the extant methods fall into this "positive" feedback category, including Borda itself. Some less sensitive methods like Approval and IRV/RCV have a built in "friction" that dampens the feedback; but as systems engineers know, the high performance components are the ones that need the addition of some carefully engineered negative feedback "circuit" to stabilize the system as a whole.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">In our Condorcet Completion context, our use of the Borda Count scores is carefully designed with that stabilizing influence in mind: adventurous strategists who are aware of this feature, when acting rationally will be deterred from creating these cycles that come back to bite them. Those not aware will find out when their ploys backfire or otherwise disappoint them.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">How do these pesky cycles arise so easily in Borda and other rank based methods?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Suppose that your personal preference schedule for the alphabetized candidates looks like ...</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">A>C>X>Y>Z, and that C is the Condorcet Candidate projected to win the election if nobody acts nefariously.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">You, and like minded friends, get the idea to insincerely move your second choice to the bottom of your ballot (so it now reads A>X>Y>Z>C) ... not to be "nefarious" so much as to just increase the winning chances of your favorite A.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Could this work?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Yes, under Black's method if your friends follow your lead, this "nurial" of C under the "busses" X, Y, and Z, could easily subvert one or more of C's pairwise victories over X,Y, and Z, into defeats of C by them, thereby hiding C's identity of sincere Universal "pairbeater" status to just one more member of a "beatcycle" of the form A beats X beats Y beats Z beats C beats A.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Note that the buried candidate C still beats the buriers' favorite, A ... because lowering C does not decrease the number of ballots that support C over A ... which is how easily and innocently beatcycles like this can be created in Condorcet style elections ... at least in the absence of negative feedback from the cycle resolution fallback method.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">In traditional Black that fallback method is Borda. Does that fix the problem? ... or does it exacerbate it.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Well ... the same burial that put C at disadvantage in the pairwise contests with X thru Z, also lowered C's Borda score by 3 counts per ballot, and raised</div><div dir="auto"> the Borda score of each of X thru Z to the tune of one count per ballot.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The likely outcome is that C will end up with the lowest score, and come in last in the finish order.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">By way of contrast, under our new Duncan method, the most likely winner is X, and the least likely winner is A, the burier faction's favorite ... thus disappointing the burier faction supporters ... teaching them that if they try to outsmart new Duncan with insincere ballot rankings, they are apt to end up helping elect their third (or later) choice instead of their first choice or their second choice ... the one that they so cleverly buried (however innocently or without malice).</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Too many dabblers in voting method reform (as well as most professionals) are unaware of these dynamics.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">But now, with your new understanding, you, at least, can become part of the solution.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Duncan Definition:</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">In the vast majority of the cases ... those in which the pairwise counts of the ballots unambiguously identify the candidate that pairbeats each of the others ... elect that candidate.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Otherwise, elect the highest score candidate that pairbeats every candidate with lower score.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">[Nominally "score" = Borda Count, though STAR Voting scores, for example, could also serve]</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">How does this Duncan fallback procedure work to prevent A from getting elected in our scenario regarding A thru Z?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Well, could A pairbeat every lower score candidate? In particular, could A pairbeat C, which is now at the bottom of the Borda score pile ... certainly lower than A ...?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Well, remember that "C beats A" was the last step in the beatcycle created by A's friends.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">So A does not pairbeat every lower score candidate, and therefore cannot win.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">New Duncan is burial resistant.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Next time ... more examples and insights ...</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">fws</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div></div>
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