<div dir="auto">James,<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Thanks for contributing and exploring your great example!</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Here's the way I look at it:</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">When there are only three factions, if voters are sincere and well informed about each others' preferences, the two factions that are farthest apart will (most likely) be "anti-favorites" of each other. And the other faction favorite will be ranked top by itself ... so it will not be the anti-favorite of any of the three factions.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">In your illuminating example every candidate is an anti-favorite of some faction, so most likely not all factions are sincere.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">In fact, the most likely cause of the cycle was the burial of a weak centrist (B in this case) by the strongest of the other factions (C in this example) ... that is, the one most confident about benefiting from the cycle creation.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">In deed all of the classical Condorcet methods (MinMax, Ranked Pairs, Schulze's Beatpath CSSD, Jobst's River, etc) break the cycle at the weakest link, eliminating B. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Nanson, Baldwin, and IRV also start by eliminating B, thereby bolstering the confidence of the B nuriers.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">And without the vindication transfer of votes to the candidate A that defeated the eliminated candidate pairwise, all of these methods reward the burying faction by electing C. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Vindication may seem vindictive, but it's the retaliation needed to punish the buriers by making their sneaky ploy backfire!</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Thanks Again.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">fws</div><div dir="auto"> </div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, Sep 8, 2023, 8:47 PM James Faran <<a href="mailto:jjfaran@buffalo.edu">jjfaran@buffalo.edu</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
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Example of "Vindication":</div>
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11 A>B</div>
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15 C>A</div>
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7 B>C</div>
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A>B by 26-7 is the strongest win, so B is eliminated and the 7 B>C votes become A>C votes and A wins over C 18-11.</div>
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If the 7 B>C voters changed their votes to C>B (Favorite Betrayal), C wins.</div>
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If the 7 B>C voters don't vote at all C wins (participation failure).</div>
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If the 15 C>A voters vote C>B instead (Burial), C wins.<br>
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Sounds fishy to me, though there's probably something I'm missing. There usually is.</div>
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Jim Faran<br>
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<div id="m_-7039443753524084405divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Election-Methods <<a href="mailto:election-methods-bounces@lists.electorama.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">election-methods-bounces@lists.electorama.com</a>> on behalf of Forest Simmons <<a href="mailto:forest.simmons21@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">forest.simmons21@gmail.com</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, September 8, 2023 8:17 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Kristofer Munsterhjelm <<a href="mailto:km_elmet@t-online.de" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">km_elmet@t-online.de</a>>; EM <<a href="mailto:Election-methods@lists.electorama.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Election-methods@lists.electorama.com</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [EM] Vindication</font>
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<div>A slightly simpler version for everyday citizens:</div>
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<div dir="auto">When there is no candidate with more than half of the first rank votes ...</div>
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<div dir="auto">1.Find the candidate X that has the strongest head-to-head victory over any other candidate Y. This means (i) that X outranks Y on more ballots than Y outranks X, and (ii) that the number of ballots on which X outranks Y, plus the number of
ballots on which Y out ranks no other candidate, is larger than the corresponding sum for any other pair of candidates.</div>
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<div dir="auto">2. Eliminate Y after replacing all of Y's first rank ballot appearances with X.</div>
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<div dir="auto">3. After these two steps if there is still no candidate with more than half of the first place votes, repeat steps (1) and (2) among the uneliminated candidates, until only one candidate remains.</div>
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<div dir="auto">Note that in each elimination stage the votes of the most strongly defeated loser are transferred to the winner of that maximal strength defeat. We call this kind of vote transfer, "vindication" (of the winner).</div>
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<div dir="auto">fws</div>
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<div dir="ltr">On Fri, Sep 8, 2023, 10:56 AM Forest Simmons <<a href="mailto:forest.simmons21@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">forest.simmons21@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
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<div dir="auto">Kristofer,
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<div dir="auto">This elimination method helps to explain the "unreasonable effectiveness" of what we have been calling Max X>Y.</div>
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<div dir="auto">While there remains no unbeaten candidate among the uneliminated... "vindicate" the victor X and eliminate the loser Y in the strongest pairwise defeat.</div>
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<div dir="auto">Vindication of X is executed by raising X to the level of Y on any ballot that (misguidedly) ranked Y above X, before eliminating Y.</div>
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<div dir="auto">We say "misguidedly" because X was already ranked above or equal to Y on the greatest majority of ballots.</div>
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<div dir="auto">So vindication is a new kind of vote transfer that applies when the strongest (remaining) defeat brings about the elimination.</div>
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<div dir="auto">In the case of three candidates, that kind of vote transfer will be sufficient to turn X into a majority winner ... and in general, will likely change the strongest victor into an undefeated candidate.</div>
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<div dir="auto">Example</div>
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<div dir="auto">49 C</div>
<div dir="auto">26 A>B</div>
<div dir="auto">25 B</div>
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<div dir="auto">If we measure defeat strength by Winning Votes + Losing Truncations, we see that the defeat of A by C is strongest: WV+LT = 49+74 = 123.</div>
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<div dir="auto">Vindication updates the ballot profile as</div>
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<div dir="auto">49 C</div>
<div dir="auto">26 C>B</div>
<div dir="auto">25 B</div>
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<div dir="auto">So C now defeats B 75 to 25!</div>
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<div dir="auto">Try this out on your favorite ballot profiles, and see if you like it.</div>
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<div dir="auto">fws</div>
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