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    <font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">Asking what's wrong with
      bullet voting is equivalent to asking what's wrong with FPTP. The
      answer is not that it subverts the system, but that it withholds
      information the system would use to good effect. The whole of
      ranked voting theory is based on exploiting the information which
      bullet-voters withhold. <br>
         I think Chris's summary of how his system might work is fair.
      Supporters of minor parties give their first preferences
      accordingly, and compromise with a mainstream candidate for their
      second preferences. Supporters of mainstream parties (the
      majority) bullet vote. They don't consider the merits of
      little-known alternatives because it's too much effort, and
      because minor parties get squeezed out by the election method in
      any case. This is very much like PR based on plurality (with a
      little compromising thrown in), and unlike PR by STV except
      insofar as FPTP is its limiting case.<br>
         But if this summary is pessimistic, voters might indeed fill in
      ranked preference ballots to a reasonable depth. In this case, it
      seems to me that they're being put to unconscionable lengths for
      what is only a primary, and they have no way of knowing where to
      stop.<br>
         Such criticisms are futile unless it's possible to do better;
      but I had hoped that my own method was better, in that it achieved
      roughly the benefits of voting to depth four at roughly the cost
      of voting to depth one. <br>
         CJC<br>
    </font><br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 28/08/2023 21:09, C.Benham wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
      cite="mid:bbbd2d8c-8172-0d0b-f43f-feb00408f41e@adam.com.au">
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      <p>Forest,<br>
        <br>
        Why not?   If that's what they want to do I can't see any
        problem.<br>
        <br>
        Given that we have LNHarm no voter has any particular incentive
        to bullet vote,<br>
        and only those voters who are confidant that their favourite can
        make the IRV last <br>
        N (or only care about getting their favourite elected) will have
        incentive to not bother <br>
        indicating any lower preferences.<br>
        <br>
        Some of the voters will be concerned that their favourite won't
        squeeze in to the <br>
        IRV last N, so they'll give one or two lower preferences so that
        their single vote<br>
        can be transferred.  This will likely include some who wouldn't
        bother doing that if<br>
        they weren't honouring preference-swap deals.<br>
        <br>
        Chris B.<br>
        <br>
      </p>
      <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 29/08/2023 3:18 am, Forest Simmons
        wrote:<br>
      </div>
      <blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CANUDvfqGm-iO0yfAjB0qg73nxaq57oOYcLvW14vDan2jiFL3EA@mail.gmail.com">
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        <div dir="auto">Well, that wouldn't work so well if everybody
          bullet voted.
          <div dir="auto"><br>
          </div>
          <div dir="auto"><br>
          </div>
        </div>
        <br>
        <div class="gmail_quote">
          <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Aug 28, 2023, 10:24
            AM Forest Simmons <<a
              href="mailto:forest.simmons21@gmail.com"
              moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">forest.simmons21@gmail.com</a>>
            wrote:<br>
          </div>
          <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
            .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
            <div dir="auto">
              <div>For practical purposes, this appeals to me the most
                so far.</div>
              <div dir="auto"><br>
              </div>
              <div dir="auto">But the question remains about how to
                determine the number N.</div>
              <div dir="auto"><br>
              </div>
              <div dir="auto">Why not just use the number ranked (or
                approved, as the case may be) on the average primary
                ballot? </div>
              <div dir="auto"><br>
              </div>
              <div dir="auto"><br>
              </div>
              <div dir="auto">
                <div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto">
                  <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Aug 27,
                    2023, 12:42 PM C.Benham <<a
                      href="mailto:cbenham@adam.com.au" target="_blank"
                      rel="noreferrer" moz-do-not-send="true"
                      class="moz-txt-link-freetext">cbenham@adam.com.au</a>>
                    wrote:<br>
                  </div>
                  <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
                    .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
                    <div>
                      <p><br>
                        I am strongly of the view that the best
                        practical way to narrow down the field of
                        candidates in one big open primary <br>
                        to N candidates should be to just use strict
                        ranking ballots with voters able to rank as many
                        or as few candidates as they like,<br>
                        and just select the IRV (aka STV) last N
                        candidatesI</p>
                    </div>
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                </div>
              </div>
              <div dir="auto">
                <div class="gmail_quote">
                  <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
                    .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
                    <div>
                      <p> <br>
                        I worry that if the use of approval ballots for
                        this purpose is promoted, the powers-that-be
                        won't be interested in anything<br>
                        more complicated than "just select the N most
                        approved candidates"  and  (if the election is
                        for an important powerful office)<br>
                        we will be left with N corporatist clones.<br>
                        <br>
                        In say the US presidential election, there is
                        (or can be) quite a bit of time and campaigning
                        between the primary election and<br>
                        the main general election, so I don't think it
                        matters much if candidates without much
                        "approval" in the primary make it on to<br>
                        the ballot for the final general election.<br>
                        <br>
                        Chris Benham<br>
                        <br>
                        <br>
                        <br>
                      </p>
                      <blockquote type="cite"><b
                          style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:"Times
                          New
Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">Forest
                          Simmons</b><span
                          style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:"Times
                          New
Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;display:inline!important;float:none"><span> </span></span><a
href="mailto:election-methods%40lists.electorama.com?Subject=Re%3A%20%5BEM%5D%20Condorcet%20meeting&In-Reply-To=%3CCANUDvfr_qEUF%3DTUVz%3DNP-rt5OkgtkV7VCoOHHeZvmxCwW90vag%40mail.gmail.com%3E"
                          title="[EM] Condorcet meeting" rel="noreferrer
                          noreferrer" target="_blank"
                          moz-do-not-send="true">forest.simmons21 at
                          gmail.com</a><br>
                        <i>Sat Aug 26 15:03:20 PDT 2023</i><span
                          style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:"Times
                          New
Roman";font-size:medium;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial;display:inline!important;float:none"></span>
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                        <pre style="white-space:pre-wrap;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration-style:initial;text-decoration-color:initial">I
The choice of n should be flexible enough that if two candidates both had
more than 70 percent approval, and nobody else got more than 49 percent,
then n should be only two.

Perhaps every finalist should have at least 71 percent (about root .5) of
the approval of the candidate with the most approval opposition to the max
approval candidate.

That 71 percent parameter is open to adjustment .

The idea is that we should admit into the final stage anybody with almost
as much approval as Chris Benham's max approval opposition challenger.

fws
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      <pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">----
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