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<p>To Steve Bosworth,</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p> Thank you for your notice. <br>
</p>
<p>I believe have answered this question before. My understanding is
that sciences generally depend for their advancement on a
transition from classification to enumeration of their data. (A N
Whitehead observed so.} I have personally found this to be the
case.</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>Good wishes,</p>
<p>Richard Lung.<br>
</p>
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 01/03/2023 05:52, steve bosworth
wrote:<br>
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<div class="PlainText elementToProof">Today's Topics:<br>
<br>
TO: Richar Lung</div>
<div class="PlainText elementToProof"><span> FROM: Steve
Bosworth</span></div>
<div class="PlainText elementToProof"><span>Richard, in
response to your appropriate valuing of<font size="2"><span
style="font-size:11pt" class="ContentPasted0">
"multi-member range of representation" in your
contribution fully repeated below, I wonder whether
you might see the use of grades rather than numbers
in my description of evaluative proportional
representation (EPR) as even more appreciative of
"the consideration that individual candidates hold
an over-lapping group or "party" of opinions. Voters
support for parties themselves become less and less
partisan with more particular choices of parties in
proportionally elected multi-member constituencies.
So, it may be the CW becomes less and less an
absolute individual choice, within the wider context
of personal proportional representation, in
multi-member constituencies.</span></font>"<br>
</span></div>
<div class="PlainText elementToProof">
<blockquote
style="margin-left:0in;margin-right:1.03in;background:transparent;line-height:150%;margin-bottom:0.1in;border-top:none;border-bottom:none;border-left:1px
solid
#cccccc;border-right:none;padding-top:0in;padding-bottom:0in;padding-left:0.01in;padding-right:0in"><font
color="#000000"><b class="ContentPasted1">Evaluative
Proportional Representation</b></font></blockquote>
<p
style="line-height:150%;margin-bottom:0.1in;background:transparent;margin-left:0.07in;margin-right:0.21in"><font
class="ContentPasted1" color="#000000">EPR invites you
to vote most expressively by grading at least one
candidate’s suitability for office as either
Excellent, Very Good, Good, or Acceptable. You can
grade Poor or Reject for any candidates you find
unacceptable to hold office. You can award the same
grade to more than one candidate. As follows, you are
guaranteed that your one EPR vote of at least
Acceptable will quantitatively increase the voting
power (weighted vote) in the council of the elected
candidate who you awarded the “highest possible
grade”.</font></p>
<h1 class="western"
style="line-height:150%;margin-right:0.39in;margin-top:0.25in;margin-bottom:0.04in;background:transparent;break-after:avoid;font-weight:bold"><font
class="ContentPasted1" color="#000000"><span
style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;">How
EPR Counts Grades</span></font></h1>
<p
style="line-height:115%;margin-bottom:0in;background:transparent;margin-top:0in"><br
class="ContentPasted1">
</p>
<p
style="line-height:150%;margin-bottom:0.1in;background:transparent;margin-left:0.07in;margin-right:0.08in"><font
class="ContentPasted1" color="#000000">For an EPR
at-large election of a seven-member council, each of
the seven elected candidates must have received one of
the seven largest numbers of grades of at least
Acceptable from all the ballots cast. Your vote and
every other citizen’s vote are added to one of the
different <i class="ContentPasted1">
weighted votes </i>that will be held by one of the
elected members of the council. The council represents
100% of the votes cast – no vote is wasted in the
sense that it does not help any candidate to win.</font></p>
<p
style="line-height:115%;margin-bottom:0in;background:transparent;margin-top:0in"><br
class="ContentPasted1">
</p>
<p
style="line-height:115%;margin-bottom:0.1in;background:transparent;margin-left:0.07in"><font
class="ContentPasted1" color="#000000">Except in two
circumstances, your one vote adds to the weighted vote
in the council of the</font></p>
<p
style="line-height:150%;margin-bottom:0in;background:transparent;margin-left:0.07in;margin-right:0.07in;margin-top:0.09in"><font
class="ContentPasted1" color="#000000">highest-graded
candidate on your ballot. If you awarded this highest
grade to more than one candidate, it is exclusively
added to the candidate who will have the largest
number of these grades as a result. This is justified
by the democratic assumption that, other things being
equal, the candidate with a larger number of votes is
probably better.</font></p>
<p
style="line-height:115%;margin-bottom:0in;background:transparent;margin-top:0in"><br
class="ContentPasted1">
</p>
<p
style="line-height:150%;margin-bottom:0in;background:transparent;margin-left:0.07in;margin-right:0.04in;margin-top:0in"><font
class="ContentPasted1" color="#000000"><u
class="ContentPasted1">The first exception</u> is
when that candidate has received too few grades of at
least Acceptable from all the ballots cast to be
elected. In this event, your ballot is automatically
transferred to the candidate on your ballot to whom
you awarded your remaining highest grade. If no such
eligible candidate is graded on your ballot, your
ballot automatically becomes your proxy vote. This
proxy is finally added to the weighted vote of the
elected candidate publicly judged by your
highest-graded candidate to be most fit for office.
You can prohibit this use of your proxy vote by
specifying this on your ballot.</font></p>
<p
style="line-height:115%;margin-bottom:0in;background:transparent;margin-top:0in"><br
class="ContentPasted1">
</p>
<p
style="line-height:150%;margin-bottom:0.1in;background:transparent;margin-left:0.07in;margin-right:0.03in"><font
color="#000000"><u class="ContentPasted1">The second
exception</u></font><font class="ContentPasted1"
color="#000000"> can result from your highest-graded
candidate having received
</font><font color="#000000"><i class="ContentPasted1">too
many highest grades </i>
</font><font class="ContentPasted1" color="#000000">from
all the ballots cast. To avoid the remote but
anti-democratic possibility of an elected candidate
being able to dictate to the council by retaining more
than 50% of all the weighted votes in the council,
</font><font class="ContentPasted1" color="#000000">our</font><font
class="ContentPasted1" color="#000000"> EPR algorithm
does not allow a member to retain more than 20% of all
the votes cast. This requires at least three members
to agree before any majority decision can be made in
the council. If the candidate to whom you gave your
highest grade received more than 20% of the votes,
your ballot could be selected by lot as one of the
surplus ballots to be automatically transferred to the
remaining highest-graded candidate on your ballot. If
no such eligible candidate is graded on your ballot,
your
</font><font color="#000000"><font
class="ContentPasted1" face="Times New Roman, serif">ballot
automatically becomes your proxy vote and is
transferred to the weighted vote of one of the
winners as described earlier. As a result, your EPR
vote equally adds to the weighted vote of the winner
who finally receives your highest grade, remaining
highest grade, or proxy vote – the winner you
</font></font><font color="#000000"><font
class="ContentPasted1" face="Times New Roman, serif">are
most
</font></font><font color="#000000"><font
class="ContentPasted1" face="Times New Roman, serif">likely
to
</font></font><font color="#000000"><font
class="ContentPasted1" face="Times New Roman, serif">see
as</font></font><font color="#000000"><font
class="ContentPasted1" face="Times New Roman, serif">
represent</font></font><font color="#000000"><font
class="ContentPasted1" face="Times New Roman, serif">ing</font></font><font
color="#000000"><font class="ContentPasted1"
face="Times New Roman, serif"> your hopes and
concerns </font></font><font color="#000000"><font
class="ContentPasted1" face="Times New Roman, serif">accuratel</font></font><font
color="#000000"><font class="ContentPasted1"
face="Times New Roman, serif">y. As a result, each
EPR council member has a different </font></font><font
color="#000000"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><i
class="ContentPasted1">weighted vote
</i></font></font><font color="#000000"><font
class="ContentPasted1" face="Times New Roman, serif">in
the council, exactly equal to the total number of
ballots counted for them. [</font></font><font
color="#000000"><font class="ContentPasted1"
face="Times New Roman, serif">Feel free to ask for
the published article;</font></font><font
color="#000000"><font class="ContentPasted1"
face="Times New Roman, serif"> Appendix A for a full
</font></font><font color="#000000"><font
class="ContentPasted1" face="Times New Roman, serif">verbal</font></font><font
color="#000000"><font class="ContentPasted1"
face="Times New Roman, serif"> description of the
EPR count; the EPR algorithm; or the report of the
output for the count of our simulated EPR election.
(<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:stevebosworth@hotmail.com">stevebosworth@hotmail.com</a>)]</font></font></p>
<br>
----------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
<br>
Message: 1<br>
Date: Wed, 1 Mar 2023 04:28:18 +0000<br>
From: Richard Lung <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:voting@ukscientists.com"><voting@ukscientists.com></a><br>
To: Forest Simmons <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:forest.simmons21@gmail.com"><forest.simmons21@gmail.com></a><br>
Cc: EM <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:Election-methods@lists.electorama.com"><Election-methods@lists.electorama.com></a><br>
Subject: Re: [EM] Worst Loser Elimination 2.0<br>
Message-ID:
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:9395A19F-634A-4979-8D96-055D5C6B38F1@ukscientists.com"><9395A19F-634A-4979-8D96-055D5C6B38F1@ukscientists.com></a><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"<br>
<br>
<br>
Elimination methods may have a policy mandate but they do
not have a scientific or knowledge mandate. They violate
conservation of (preference) information. Elimination
independent of scale of preference is precisely the fault,
found over two centuries ago, by Pierre-Simon Laplace,
according to JFS Ross, with Condorcet pairing elimination
of candidates. It does not take into account the relative
importance of higher to lower preferences. Why Laplace
sided with Borda amounted to his opening the way to
rational counts of preference ranges. Of which Gregory
supplied the definitive statistical method to next
preferences, of weighting in arithmetic proportion.<br>
<br>
It is doubtful whether the Condorcet Winner (or conversely
Loser) applies to more than single winner elections, the
least democratic, lacking multi-member range of
representation. This perhaps may be demonstrated by the
consideration that individual candidates hold an
over-lapping group or "party" of opinions. Voters support
for parties themselves become less and less partisan with
more particular choices of parties in proportionally
elected multi-member constituencies. So, it may be the CW
becomes less and less an absolute individual choice,
within the wider context of personal proportional
representation, in multi-member constituencies.<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
Richard Lung.<br>
<br>
</div>
</span></font></div>
<br>
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