<div dir="auto">"To boldly go where no man has gone before!"<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">It takes a very tenacious mind... with bulldog tenacity... to pursue an idea this far into the wild unknown!</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Dec 21, 2022, 10:18 AM Kristofer Munsterhjelm <<a href="mailto:km_elmet@t-online.de">km_elmet@t-online.de</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">So I was trying to find some methods that would have impartial culture <br>
manipulability less than 100% of the time for four candidates as the <br>
number of voters approaches infinity. (I should strictly speaking say <br>
that I don't know if any methods stay below 100% here, but I had the <br>
impression that IRV does.)<br>
<br>
I did some brute forcing of methods of the type<br>
<br>
A's score = f(A) = sum over other candidates B != A:<br>
A>B *<br>
product over other candidates C, D not A nor B:<br>
H(x_1 * [fpA fpB fpC fpD]) *<br>
H(x_2 * [fpA fpB fpC fpD]) *<br>
H(x_3 * [fpA fpB fpC fpD])<br>
<br>
highest score wins, with x_1, x_2, x_3 being vectors, and fpX being the <br>
first preference count of candidate X. This is a generalization of the <br>
Contingent vote,<br>
<br>
f(A) = sum over B<br>
A>B *<br>
product over C:<br>
H(fpA - fpB) * H(fpB - fpC)<br>
<br>
where H(x) as usual is the function<br>
H(x) = 0 if x < 0<br>
1/2 if x = 0<br>
1 otherwise<br>
<br>
As a simple monotonicity check I used the possibly too generous <br>
assumption that if we write the first term<br>
H(x_1 * [fpA fpB fpC fpD])<br>
as<br>
H(x_11 fpA + x_12 fpB + x_13 fpC + x_14 fpD)<br>
then if x_11 >= max(x_12, x_13, x_14), then a voter who ranks say C <br>
first, can't harm A by raising A to top, because the benefit to the term <br>
inside the H can never decrease by doing so. So the method must be <br>
monotone since the A>B term is also monotone, hence the check x_11 >= <br>
max(x) is sufficient (but probably not necessary) for monotonicity.<br>
<br>
The results show a big nope: every such method (with the values of x <br>
integer between 2 and -2 inclusive) seem to be 100% manipulable in the <br>
limit. However, it did come up with this, which seemed to converge less <br>
quickly, and might be an interesting idea on its own:<br>
<br>
f(a) = sum (or max) over B:<br>
A>B * H(fpA + fpB - fpC - fpD)<br>
<br>
I.e. for four candidates, there'll always exist at least one pair of <br>
candidates who have more than majority combined first preference support <br>
(unless there's a four-way tie). Give each candidate in this pair his <br>
pairwise defeat strength against the other.<br>
<br>
(In the case where there are multiple, e.g. a single candidate has <br>
majority, using sum would give a different method than using max.)<br>
<br>
-km<br>
----<br>
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</blockquote></div>