<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
</head>
<body>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:ApplyBreakingRules/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:UseFELayout/>
</w:Compatibility>
<w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel>
</w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object
classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id=ieooui></object>
<style>
st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) }
</style>
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">A
measure of representation or a representation dimension can be
considered as a
vector of three spatial dimensions. In high-energy physics,
this is why a second
dimension is characterised as the so-called fourth dimension
of time. (Actually
a distance dimension, because time is multiplied by light
speed velocity.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">Binomial
STV is in one dimension. That is its virtue, as one complete
dimension of
choice, which can be readily extended to a second dimension.
(Binomial STV is
one dimension of choice, that is to say.) Representation is
also considered as a
vector of three dimensions, such as the thinking, doing,
feeling dimensions of
representation. The feeling dimension would be the Left –
Right dimension of
party loyalty. So, firstly, there is representation as a
passion. Gilbert and
Sullivan wondered why every infant born alive was either a
little liberal or a
little conservative. In the 2019 British general election, if
you saw Scottish
first Minister Nicola Sturgeon, shaking her raised fists in
jubilation, at a
Scottish National Party candidate unseating the Liberal
Democrat leader, under
First Past The Post, you wouldn’t doubt<span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>party as a tribal passion. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">In
the Scottish parliament, such pugilistic histrionics would be
an act, really,
literally “hypocritical.” For, the additional member system or
mixed member
proportional is “the zombie system,” whereby defeated single
members rise from
the dead, on their party lists. (With AMS, a duplicate SNP,
like Alba, was
formed to double count the Scottish independence vote, at
Scottish general
elections.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">For
a second “spatial” dimension of representation, it is
sufficient to move from
politics to psychology, and the behavioral dimension of
introversion –
extroversion or isolationism and sociability.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">A
third empirical dimension could be centralism versus
devolution or
authoritarian versus libertarian. This is a question of
intellectual attitude
or the thinking dimension of representation. Within the sphere
of popular
politics, it is essentially the distinction between the
republican and the
democrat.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">Representation
can be viewed as a synthesis or vector of three components of
individual voters
personal representation. The three dimensions of
representation are in a
relation of </span><span style="font-size:16.0pt;
font-family:"Arial Rounded MT Bold"">Euclid</span><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold""> geometry, from
which they can transform into a one dimensional vector. But in
high-energy
physics, the fourth dimension, or second dimension, to the
vector, forms a
complex variable relation. The Minkowski Interval is a Euler
circular function.
It maps the two-dimensions of a plane.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">I
explain how to do two-dimensional Binomial STV, at the end of
my book,
Statistical Relativity Elections.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold""> Regards,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">Richard Lung.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold""><br>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold""><br>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold""> </span></p>
</p>
</body>
</html>