<div dir="auto">This "friendly approval" turns out to be pretty blah.<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">But here's a new method that has fpA-SumfpC as a first order approximation:</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">It is of the form elect argmax L(X), where L is a lottery on the candidates defined by the following experiment:</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Draw a random ballot A.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Let f(A) be the candidate most favored on ballot A. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Continue drawing ballots, and let C be the first ballot drawn such that f(C) defeats f(A), provided there is such a ballot.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Continue drawing ballots, and let D1be the first ballot for which f(D1) defeats both f(A) and f(C), if there is such a ballot.</div><div dir="auto">...</div><div dir="auto">Continue until you reach the last ballot DMax in this sequence ... the one such that f(DMax) defeats all of the previous favorites in the sequence, but is maximal in that regard ... no ballot has a favorite that defeats both f(DMax) and all of the previous favorites in the sequence.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">This last ballot favorite DMax is the lottery winner, which is the result of a random experiment.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">To get a deterministic method based on this experiment, we define L(X) as the probability that X will be the lottery winner DMax. This probability is not a random variable, but is completely determined by the voted ballots.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">So our election method (elect argmaxL(X)) is deterministic.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">If I am not mistaken, the first few terms in the calculation of L(A) are fp(A) -fp(C1)-fp(C2) - ... -fp(Cn), where the Ck are the candidates that defeat A.<br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The higher degree terms are beyond the scope of my tired brain.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">But the thought experiment gives some probabilistic meaning to the original</div><div dir="auto">fpA-SumfpC formula.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">It might suggest how to alter the experiment to get a method with better properties ... say when we get into the D's, start looking at lower candidates, not just f(D) for defeaters of the previous D's.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">-Forest </div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Oct 17, 2022, 8:23 PM Forest Simmons <<a href="mailto:forest.simmons21@gmail.com">forest.simmons21@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto">OK, here's what I would like to call Friendly Approval, a decisive approval score method based on friendly ideas:-)</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">For each ballot B, let f(B) be B's favored first place choice. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">For each candidate X let A(X) be the number of ballots B that rank X, for which X has a short beatpath to f(B).</div><div dir="auto">This A(X) is X's base level approval. If argmax A(X) has only one member, that member is to be elected.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Otherwise, break the tie with E(X), defined as the number of ballots B that rank X for which X has a beatpath to f(B) of at most one step.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">If there are still tied candidates, break the tie with C(X) defined as the number of ballots B for which X is ranked on B and covers (or weakly covers) f(B).</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">If there are still tied candidates, break the tie with F(X) defined as the number of ballots for which X=f(B).</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">In other words elect argmax S(X), where S(X) is the sum given by</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">A(X)/epsilon^3+E(X)/epsilon^2</div><div dir="auto">+C(X)/epsilon+F(X)</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">For a weaker approval method, add to S(X) the term G(X)/epsilon^4, where G(X) is the number of ballots B on which X is ranked for which X has a finite beatpath to f(B).</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">-Forest</div><div dir="auto"><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Oct 16, 2022, 2:26 AM Kristofer Munsterhjelm <<a href="mailto:km_elmet@t-online.de" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">km_elmet@t-online.de</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">On 10/16/22 03:08, Forest Simmons wrote:<br>
> Suppose de granted each candidate one free bullet ballot .... that would <br>
> keep non-Smith candidates from being in the tied-for-win set ... but it <br>
> creates a non-scaling problem.<br>
> <br>
> However, if we grant each candidate a gratuitous bullet ballot with <br>
> positive weight epsilon, and shrink epsilon until further shrinkage <br>
> stops changing the winner, then the method becomes scale invariant.<br>
<br>
Yeah, I thought about that. Basically you can add an epsilon to every <br>
candidate's first preference count and then let epsilon go to zero. This <br>
is equivalent to counting sum over friends A: fpA - sum over defeaters <br>
C: fpC as a two-vector whose first element is just the sum and the <br>
second is the number of friends minus the number of defeaters, and then <br>
using leximax.<br>
<br>
The problem is that this fails clone independence. Suppose A and B are <br>
tied even given the tiebreaker above, and let C be some friend of A <br>
who's not a friend of B. Clone C, then A wins.<br>
<br>
-km<br>
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