<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
</head>
<body>
<p><br>
</p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 14/10/2022 11:16, Richard Lung
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:b032a774-9316-e7dd-a3f5-0c54d43e9512@ukscientists.com">
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<p><br>
</p>
<p> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">A standard count for election and exclusion</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold""> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">Election implies a first choice, and exclusion
implies a last choice. It is also established that
intermediate choices exist, even tho most of the worlds
electoral systems don’t formally recognise a range of choice,
sometimes called preference or ranked choice. (Preferential
suffrage of the vote, in turn, implies a proportional suffrage
of the count, necesary to elect a range of choices, or
preferences, from a sufficiently good choice of candidates, in
multi-member constituencies). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">Middle choices are recognised, by convention and
in academe, with regard to the worlds two main blocs of voting
systems, simple plurality and party list.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">The so-called wasted vote, used in main party
electioneering propaganda, at least since the Second World
War, is an arm twister on the voters, to forego a first
choice, for a middle choice, in order to defeat a last choice.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">Strategic voting or tactical voting, to use its
British name, has the same objective, as a willing
renunciation, by the voters, rather than succumbing to main
party blackmail.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">Both party list voting and simple plurality
elections are limited by the one-choice X vote, and so both
are prone to strategic voting. Peer reviewed academics, such
as Anika Freden, have identified four main types of strategic
voting with party lists systems and their hybrids.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">All this goes to show that election and exclusion
form part of a continuum of choice, from first to last choice,
with a usually tacit middle choice.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">Representation of the voters is generally
accomplished by a positive election procedure and a negative
exclusion procedure. Logically, this procedure should be the
same for both election and exclusion, because they are part of
the same continuum or scale of choice.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">The system of “Binomial STV” accomplishes this
logically required symmetry of election count and exclusion
count, to a rational standard.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">Regards,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">Richard Lung.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold""><br>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold""><br>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold""><br>
</span></p>
<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:ApplyBreakingRules/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:UseFELayout/>
</w:Compatibility>
<w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel>
</w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
</style>
<![endif]--></p>
</blockquote>
</body>
</html>