<div dir="auto">A slight correction is needed: the simple version, is Smith Efficient, but not quite Landau efficient. For that we need a tweak to the cost of a beatpath that is a concave down increasing function of k: <div dir="auto"><br><div dir="auto"> c(k,epsilon)=(1-epsilon^k)/(1-epsilon),</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">in other symbols ...</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Sum over j from zero to k of epsilon^j,</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">where epsilon is some fixed, positive infinitesimal.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Oct 9, 2022, 3:45 PM Forest Simmons <<a href="mailto:forest.simmons21@gmail.com">forest.simmons21@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div>It is now obvious to me that the simplest, adequate measure of beatpath cost, and the one that completes the "friendliness" measure in our longstanding foA-fpC thread, is simply the number of steps in the beatpath. The fewer the number of steps in the beatpath from X to Y, the friendlier Y is to X.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Time to summarize the method that has culminated in this thread. I'm tempted to call it the Munsterhjelm Venzke Heitzig or MVH method after the principal contributors of the key ideas. Many other EM List members from (Demorep to Lung) have contributed in ways too numerous to enumerate. I can truly say that anybody who made regular contributions to the EM List in the form of questions, criticisms, or clarifications over any period of a year or more has contributed to my understanding of voting methods ... for which I am very grateful. Special mention to Benham, Ossipoff, Rob LeGrand, Andrew Jennings, Joe Weinstein, Bart Ingles, etc. for tolerating my newbie efforts.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">HVM: Elect the candidate X with the smallest total of beatpath costs from X to the ballot favorites.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">In other words, for each ballot B, and each candidate X, let Cost(X,fpB) be the minimum number of steps in a beatpath from X to fpB, the first place favorite of ballot B. Note that if X=fpB, then the beatpath from X to F(B has zero steps, so the cost is zero.</div><div dir="auto">Let SumfpB(X) be the sum over all ballots B of Cost(X,fpB).</div><div dir="auto">Elect argmin SumfpB(X)</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">It is not hard to show that this simple, decisive, Universal Domain election method is clone independent, Landau efficient, and monotone. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">If these claims hold up to close scrutiny, and MVH truly does generalize fpA-fpC, then why not propose it for public elections?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">-Forest<br><br><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, Oct 7, 2022, 6:54 PM Forest Simmons <<a href="mailto:forest.simmons21@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">forest.simmons21@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto">The median X of a finite set of distinct points arranged along a straight line segment will always minimize the sum of distances from it to the other points. [If the points are not distinct, a weighted sum does the job.]<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Consequently one way to generalize the concept of "median" in a general metric space is by minimization of (weighted) sums of distances.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Thus, the Kemeny-Young method chooses the "finish order" that minimizes its sum of distances to the ballots, i.e to their respective rank orders.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">In this context, the distance from a ballot order to a potential finish order is their Kendall-tau distance, the total number of basic order reversals necessary to convert one order into the other.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">There are two unnecessary difficulties associated with Kemeny-Young:</div><div dir="auto"> (1) The number of finish orders that need to be checked grows exponentially with the number of candidates, even when all we need is the winner of a single winner election.</div><div dir="auto">(2) The method is clone dependent ... a fatal flaw in the context of electoral politics. The basic spoiler problem that sparked election method reform in the first place was a failure of clone independence. Even IRV with all of its other problems, is clone independent.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The method we propose is both clone independent and computationally efficient.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The key innovation is that we gauge the distance from ballot B to a potential winner X by the cost of the least expensive beatpath from X to the candidate f(B) that is favored above all others on ballot B.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">I'm going to break here to let this idea sink in a little before filling in the few remaining details.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">To be continued...</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div></div>
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