<div dir="auto">Great example!<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">A geometric example of this type involving the four major cities of Tennessee can be found spread across several electowiki articles explaining various election methods.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The example deduces the preference ballot of each voter from the assumption that voter V would prefer (as Tennessee state Capitol, for example) city X over city Y, if voter V lives geographically closer to X than to Y.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">It could be the choice of an Olympic venue rather than capitol location, and the metric could be travel cost instead of distance as the crow flies.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">This kind of geometrical preference deduction can be made for any election embedded in a metric space of any kind, concrete like this one, or abstract like a hypothetical Yee Disgram.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Warren Smith has several of them on his website.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The first time I saw such a geometrically derived ballot set forty years ago, I was very surprised that election methods like Borda, Bucklin, Copeland, Coombs, Hare, etc... all with reasonable heuristics, could give so many conflicting results. I was well aware that Arrow and others had given abstract examples showing the possibility of rock paper scissors cycles ... but the existence of a planar distribution of voters concentrated in four cities giving rise to a cycle of Euclidean distance preferences was a big surprise to me.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Anybody who doubts the existence of the concrete reality of cardinal ratings in some practical democratic decision making contexts should peruse Warren's examples on <a href="http://rangevoting.org">rangevoting.org</a></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Note that Kendall-tau is an example of an abstract metric on permutations of candidates, i.e. possible finish orders. This Kendall-tau metric is the one used for rating/scoring the possible finish orders in the Kemeny-Young method.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">How can we break the public imagination of democratic possibilities out of its current narrowly confined prison?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">More teachers like Joe Malkevich are needed ... many, many more .... very, very sorely needed!</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">-Forest</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Sep 11, 2022, 10:01 AM Joe Malkevitch <<a href="mailto:jmalkevitch@york.cuny.edu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">jmalkevitch@york.cuny.edu</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Hi:<br>
<br>
This post is a reaction to recent list discussions.<br>
<br>
The election below (highest rank at the left) shows the votes of 55 voters who produced ballots without ties or truncation, putting to the side if ballot rules allowed indifference or truncation. I designed this example for students in various mathematics courses that included some attention to mathematical modeling to explore the notion of the will of the voters.<br>
The method used to decide the election matters for the result.<br>
<br>
18 votes ADECB<br>
12 votes BEDCA<br>
10 votes CBEDA<br>
9 votes DCEBA<br>
4 votes EBDCA<br>
2 votes ECDBA<br>
<br>
If you use the ballots to choose a single candidate to win using:<br>
<br>
Plurality<br>
Run-off between two candidates with largest number of first place votes<br>
Sequential run-off (IRV)<br>
Borda<br>
Condorcet (Select candidate who can beat all others in a 2-way race if there is one)<br>
<br>
You discover the he 5 methods yield 5 different winners!<br>
<br>
The backdrop for this example (and others in its spirit) are the theorems of Arrow, Satterthwaite and others that relate election methods to “desirable and fairness” properties.<br>
It also relates to the issue of the skills real world voters can provide via “honest” ballots and how one should design elections which involves the choice of ballot type and the system used to count the ballots. There is also the issue of how the voters get information about the candidates and use this information to fill out there ballots. Polls whose accuracy is hard to be sure of often seem to be more important in how some voters vote rather than what the candidates stand for. What one does also depends on what “objective function” is being used. <br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
<br>
Joe<br>
<br>
<br>
------------------------------------------------<br>
Joseph Malkevitch<br>
Department of Mathematics<br>
York College (CUNY)<br>
Jamaica, New York 11451<br>
<br>
My email is:<br>
<br>
<a href="mailto:jmalkevitch@york.cuny.edu" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">jmalkevitch@york.cuny.edu</a><br>
<br>
web page:<br>
<br>
<a href="http://york.cuny.edu/~malk/" rel="noreferrer noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">http://york.cuny.edu/~malk/</a><br>
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Election-Methods mailing list - see <a href="https://electorama.com/em" rel="noreferrer noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">https://electorama.com/em</a> for list info<br>
</blockquote></div>