<div dir="auto">Here's another possibility: when both methods yield the same finalist, enlist the most likely victim of burial as the other finalist.<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">For example, the Smith member with the least implicit approval is usually a likely victim.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">With that choice, the winner of the honest runoff (besides not being the HCL) would be a member of the strategic ballot Smith set.</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">El mar., 26 de jul. de 2022 2:35 a. m., Kristofer Munsterhjelm <<a href="mailto:km_elmet@t-online.de">km_elmet@t-online.de</a>> escribió:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">On 7/26/22 1:29 AM, Forest Simmons wrote:<br>
> I see ... the only reason you cannot dispense with the runoff step <br>
> whenever the two methods have the same winner, is to make sure the <br>
> sincere Condorcet loser never gets elected ... right?<br>
<br>
That's right. If you just want to prevent DH3 and nothing more, then <br>
there's no problem with electing without a runoff if the two methods <br>
agree about the winner and at least one of them is immune to DH3.<br>
<br>
Let's call the criterion that the method never elects the honest <br>
Condorcet loser, the honest Condorcet loser criterion.<br>
<br>
To pass honest Condorcet loser, you can only dispense with the runoff if <br>
the election is so that, for at least one of the methods, the honest <br>
Condorcet loser is not elected in a strategic equilibrium. Sort of like <br>
Monroe's "nonelection of irrelevant alternatives".<br>
<br>
> But perhaps the runoff could be dispensed with if both methods yielded <br>
> the same winner AND this common winner had more than fifty percent first <br>
> place votes.<br>
<br>
I would guess so, because if that weren't the case, then that would mean <br>
that every method that passes majority can elect the honest Condorcet <br>
loser in a strategic equilibrium, which seems implausible? Even if I <br>
don't know if it's false.<br>
<br>
Another possibility is that not every method can elect the HCL in an <br>
equilibrium, but both of the methods have some kind of arms race dynamic <br>
so that the HCL could win in an equilibrium *and* have majority support. <br>
That, too, sounds implausible, but it's perhaps less implausible than <br>
the above.<br>
<br>
> Would more than 50 percent implicit approval for the common winner of <br>
> the two methods be enough for such a runoff exemption?<br>
<br>
I'm less certain of that. Suppose everybody fully ranks. Then (if I <br>
understand implicit approval correctly) that means that the <br>
Antiplurality winner can never be the HCL... which doesn't seem right. <br>
If everybody tries to exaggerate by pushing their hated candidate to <br>
last place, then DH3 might happen. Because the dark horse doesn't have <br>
any last preferences (everybody is burying), then he has unanimous <br>
implicit approval (I think?)<br>
<br>
There are of course caveats that could make 50% IA work. If one of the <br>
base methods is so that DH3 isn't rewarded, then the escalation towards <br>
the situation where the dark horse has >50% IA doesn't happen, and then <br>
it *should* be safe. But to say the same about the Honest Condorcet <br>
Loser criterion, we'd have to know that for one of the method, there's <br>
no equilibrium where the HCL has >50% implicit approval. Again, I don't <br>
know for sure, but intuitively, it seems that implicit approval has a <br>
lot more room for strategic shenanigans than does first-place only.<br>
<br>
We really lack tools to figure out what the strategic equilibria (e.g. <br>
Myerson-Weber) are for given methods, and if they can elect honest <br>
Condorcet losers, universally despised candidates, Pareto-dominated <br>
candidates, etc.<br>
<br>
I think Warren once commented that even if (say) burial is not <br>
strategically rewarding, a number of voters would do so anyway because <br>
it's such an obvious thing to do. That would kind of ruin everything <br>
that isn't cardinal, Plurality or IRV, though, and seems very pessimistic.<br>
<br>
-km<br>
</blockquote></div>