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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">Vote-count consistency</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold""> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">JFS Ross said, in Elections and Electors, that every
election has a vote and a count. The count is the aggregation of
community wishes from individual votes. It follows that a vote
and count must be consistent, to impart that aggregation.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">One vote, that is a single choice, can express a
preference between one of two candidates. This is consistent
with a single majority count.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">Half the votes is the least democratic
representation, called by John Stuart Mill, maiorocracy. This is
the tyranny of the majority, as re-asserted by Lani Guinier,
mocked as a “Quota Queen,” and subjected to an early example of
“cancel culture,” by having her government appointment
withdrawn.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">One vote, that is a preference vote, actually a
many-preference choice, is consistent with a multi-majority
count (which is, at least, the Droop quota, and at most, the
Hare quota.) There is a one-to-one relationship, or an
isomorphism, between a votes 1, 2, 3, 4 etc order of preference,
and a counts 1, 2, 3, 4, etc member constituency, of many
majorities (over an increasingly residual minority).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">This vote-count consistency was invented by the
mathematician and Danish statesman, Carl Andrae. And also
independently by Thomas Hare, supported by Mill, greatest
philosopher of science, in the nineteenth century.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">This Andrae-Hare system, the quota-preferential
method, to use an Australian term, is the logical basis for a
standard model of elections.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">It follows, immediately, that the anarchy of world
election methods are nearly all logically false, because their
vote is inconsistent with their count.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">A one-preference spot vote cannot establish a
preference between more than two candidates, for a one majority
count. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">A many-preference vote will not serve, to rationally
establish a single majority (short of Binomial STV. Even that
falls short of the consistency requirement between vote and
count, in a single-member constituency.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">Party lists fail all the main claims electoral
reformers indiscriminately claim for proportional
representation. This is because their many-majority count lacks
the many-preference vote, 1, 2, 3,.. etc. Hence, party lists do
not abolish safe seats, because of the unscientific ambiguity of
a one-preference vote over-riding an individual choice with a
party choice. Party lists do not end tactical voting, because
the spot vote might have to be used for a less prefered
coalition partner. Party lists do not ensure a democratically
prefered majority, only an extra-electoral party-brokered
majority.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">All these decided short-comings of party lists are
over-come by the Andrae/Hare system of the single transferable
vote, which is, or should form, the standard model of election
method.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">Regards,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">Richard Lung.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold""><br>
</span></p>
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Bold""><br>
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