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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 06/05/2022 12:07, Richard Lung
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
      cite="mid:2d5c0e96-942d-8f3e-4ab6-b938fd33b01c@ukscientists.com">
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      <p>Thank you, Steve,</p>
      <p><br>
      </p>
      <p>I don't need to deny. Categories impose meaning, the voters may
        not share, and an alternative 6 orders of choice are simply not
        enough. That is problem enough.</p>
      <p>As a rule, claims to 100% PR impose rather than elicit it. <br>
      </p>
      <p>I have said that FAB STV uses all (100%) of the preferential
        information, for a complete dimension of choice. Since elections
        must exclude, as well as elect, candidates, binomial STV also
        has a rational exclusion count. And rationally quota counting
        abstentions measures how much voters actually choose or reject
        candidates.<br>
      </p>
      <p><br>
      </p>
      <p>Regards,</p>
      <p>Richard Lung.</p>
      <p><br>
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      <p><br>
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      <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 06/05/2022 06:56, steve bosworth
        wrote:<br>
      </div>
      <blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:DBAP195MB0922237AF0AB624792D240F9B6C59@DBAP195MB0922.EURP195.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM">
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        <div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr" class="elementToProof"><font
            style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri, sans-serif"
            color="#000000"><b>From:</b> steve bosworth <a
              class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
              href="mailto:stevebosworth@hotmail.com"
              moz-do-not-send="true"><stevebosworth@hotmail.com></a><br>
          </font></div>
        <div dir="ltr"><font style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri,
            sans-serif" color="#000000"><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, May 4,
            2022 11:55 PM<br>
          </font></div>
        <div dir="ltr" class="elementToProof"><font
            style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri, sans-serif"
            color="#000000"><b>To:</b> Richard Lung <a
              class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
              href="mailto:voting@ukscientists.com"
              moz-do-not-send="true"><voting@ukscientists.com></a><br>
          </font></div>
        <div dir="ltr"><font style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri,
            sans-serif" color="#000000"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [EM]
            Election-Methods Digest, Vol 213, Issue 44 (subjective
            meaning of grades)</font>
          <div> </div>
        </div>
        <div dir="ltr">
          <div class="x_elementToProof"
            style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;
            font-size:14pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
            <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom:
              0px;margin-bottom:0in; line-height:100%;
              background:transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%"> <font
                face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font style="font-size:12pt"
                  size="3">Richard,</font></font></p>
            <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom:
              0px;margin-bottom:0in; line-height:100%;
              background:transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%"> <font
                face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font style="font-size:12pt"
                  size="3"><br>
                </font></font></p>
            <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom:
              0px;margin-bottom:0in; line-height:100%;
              background:transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%"> <font
                face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font style="font-size:12pt"
                  size="3">Thank you for your reply.<br>
                </font></font></p>
            <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom:
              0px;margin-bottom:0in; line-height:100%;
              background:transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%"> <font
                face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font style="font-size:12pt"
                  size="3">1) Please correct me if I’m mistaken but I
                  don’t think you want to deny that the grades
                  Excellent, Very Good, Good, Acceptable, Poor, and
                  Reject are nominal, nor that they can easily be
                  translated into an ordinal scale of 6.</font></font></p>
            <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom:
              0px;margin-bottom:0in; line-height:100%;
              background:transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%"> <font
                face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font style="font-size:12pt"
                  size="3">2) Nor, do you deny that the six numbers that
                  might be used by themselves would have much less
                  meaning than these verbal grades on their own to
                  express each citizen’s subjective evaluation of the
                  candidates. This is not to deny that such numbers
                  could acquire something like this clarity if and when
                  they are explicitly defined with regard to these
                  words, or otherwise verbally defined. Similarly, they
                  could acquire ever clearer meanings as a result of
                  being used for many years in a particular school or
                  university, like letter grades from A to F are often
                  used now.</font></font></p>
            <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom:
              0px;margin-bottom:0in; line-height:100%;
              background:transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%"> <font
                face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font style="font-size:12pt"
                  size="3">3) It is in this subjective sense that the
                  use of verbal grades seem to be socially more
                  meaningful and informative than any pure numbers. Do
                  you agree?</font></font></p>
            <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom:
              0px;margin-bottom:0in; line-height:100%;
              background:transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%"> <font
                face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font style="font-size:12pt"
                  size="3">4) In the light of the green print on page 3
                  of the attachment previously sent, do you see any
                  problem with the rules by which evaluative
                  proportional representation (EPR) adds and subtracts
                  all the grades given by all citizens to all candidates
                  in order to determine which seven candidates are
                  elected to the city council?</font></font></p>
            <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom:
              0px;margin-bottom:0in; line-height:100%;
              background:transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%"> <font
                face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font style="font-size:12pt"
                  size="3">5) If your FAB STV method were used instead,
                  could it match EPR’s claim of such a council
                  proportionally representing 100% of all the votes
                  cast?</font></font></p>
            <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom:
              0px;margin-bottom:0in; line-height:100%;
              background:transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%"> <font
                face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font style="font-size:12pt"
                  size="3"><br>
                </font></font></p>
            <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom:
              0px;margin-bottom:0in; line-height:100%;
              background:transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%"> </p>
            <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom:
              0px;margin-bottom:0in; line-height:100%;
              background:transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%"> <font
                face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font style="font-size:12pt"
                  size="3">What do you think?</font></font><br>
            </p>
            <br>
          </div>
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          <div dir="ltr"><font class="x_elementToProof"
              style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri, sans-serif"
              color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Richard Lung <a
                class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
                href="mailto:voting@ukscientists.com"
                moz-do-not-send="true"><voting@ukscientists.com></a><br>
              <b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, May 4, 2022 11:31 AM<br>
            </font></div>
          <div dir="ltr" class="x_elementToProof"><font
              style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri, sans-serif"
              color="#000000"><b>To:</b> steve bosworth <a
                class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
                href="mailto:stevebosworth@hotmail.com"
                moz-do-not-send="true"><stevebosworth@hotmail.com></a><br>
            </font></div>
          <div id="x_divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr" class="x_elementToProof"><font
              style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri, sans-serif"
              color="#000000"><b>Cc:</b> <a
                class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated moz-txt-link-freetext"
                href="mailto:election-methods@lists.electorama.com"
                moz-do-not-send="true">election-methods@lists.electorama.com</a>
              <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
                href="mailto:election-methods@lists.electorama.com"
                moz-do-not-send="true"><election-methods@lists.electorama.com></a><br>
            </font></div>
          <div dir="ltr" class="x_elementToProof"><font
              style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri, sans-serif"
              color="#000000"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [EM] Election-Methods
              Digest, Vol 213, Issue 44</font> </div>
          <div dir="ltr">
            <div class="x_elementToProof"> </div>
          </div>
          <div dir="auto">
            <div class="x_elementToProof">Steve,</div>
            <div class="x_elementToProof"><br>
            </div>
            <div class="x_elementToProof">Thanks for reply. A basic
              objection to graded classes is that it takes ordered
              numbers to complete the transition from the classificatory
              scale to the ordinal scale, in S S Stevens widely accepted
              scales of measurement, in the sciences: nominal, ordinal,
              interval, ratio scales. The vote should be an ordered
              number vote. (Its classificatory scale is one person one
              vote.) The count is an interval scale and a ratio scale
              count.</div>
            <div class="x_elementToProof"> The ordinal scale founds, in
              the sciences, sufficiently advanced, an orderly transition
              to the two most powerful scales. </div>
            <div class="x_elementToProof">The stripped-down version of
              FAB STV, is simple enough to enable a Binomial STV hand
              count, and can elect single members, as mentioned, using a
              rational exclusion count, as well as a rational election
              count. </div>
            <div><br>
            </div>
            <div class="x_elementToProof">Regards,</div>
            <div class="x_elementToProof">Richard Lung.</div>
            <div class="x_elementToProof"><br>
              On 3 May 2022, at 9:30 pm, steve bosworth <<a
                href="mailto:stevebosworth@hotmail.com"
                data-auth="NotApplicable" moz-do-not-send="true"
                class="moz-txt-link-freetext">stevebosworth@hotmail.com</a>>
              wrote:<br>
              <br>
            </div>
            <div>
              <div><font style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri,
                  sans-serif" color="#000000"><b
                    class="x_x_elementToProof">
                    <p class="x_elementToProof" style="margin-top: 0px;
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                      repeat scroll 0% 0%"> <font face="Calibri,
                        sans-serif"><font style="font-size:12pt"
                          size="3">Re: <font color="#000000"> <font
                              face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font
                                style="font-size:11pt" size="2">Re: [EM]
                                Election-Methods Digest, Vol 213, Issue
                                44</font></font></font></font></font></p>
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                      <font face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font
                          style="font-size:12pt" size="3"><br>
                        </font></font></p>
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                      <font face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font
                          style="font-size:12pt" size="3">Richard, </font>
                      </font></p>
                    <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom:
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                      <font face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font
                          style="font-size:12pt" size="3">Sorry, with
                          you initially starting out with President
                          Macron, I mistakenly responded to your
                          argument for FAB STV as if you were proposing
                          it as a single-winner method. However, your
                          most recent post copied below now makes it
                          clear that you instead see it as a superior
                          multi-winner method. Thank you.</font></font></p>
                    <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom:
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                      <br>
                    </p>
                    <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom:
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                      <font style="font-size:11pt" size="2"><font
                          face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font
                            style="font-size:12pt" size="3">In this
                            light, I would like to ask you to compare
                            FAB STV with the multi-winner method my
                            co-authors and I call evaluative
                            proportional representation (EPR – </font></font><em><a
href="https://www.jpolrisk.com/legislatures-elected-by-evaluative-proportional-representation-epr-an-algorithm-v3/"
                            data-auth="NotApplicable"
                            moz-do-not-send="true"><font face="Calibri,
                              sans-serif"><font style="font-size:12pt"
                                size="3"><span style="font-style:normal">https://www.jpolrisk.com/legislatures-elected-by-evaluative-proportional-representation-epr-an-algorithm-v3/</span></font></font></a></em><font
                          face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font
                            style="font-size:12pt" size="3">). We see
                            EPR as an improved version of </font></font><font
                          face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font
                            style="font-size:12pt" size="3">ordinary </font></font><font
                          face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font
                            style="font-size:12pt" size="3">STV that
                            follows MJ by inviting citizens to rank
                            candidates more informatively </font></font><font
                          face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font
                            style="font-size:12pt" size="3">instead </font></font><font
                          face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font
                            style="font-size:12pt" size="3">by grading
                            them – grading their suitability for office
                            as either Excellent, Very Good, Good,
                            Acceptable, Poor, or Reject. We have also
                            updated </font></font><font face="Calibri,
                          sans-serif"><font style="font-size:12pt"
                            size="3">the</font></font><font
                          face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font
                            style="font-size:12pt" size="3">above 2020</font></font><font
                          face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font
                            style="font-size:12pt" size="3"> article in
                            a </font></font><font face="Calibri,
                          sans-serif"><font style="font-size:12pt"
                            size="3"><i>Paper</i></font></font><font
                          face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font
                            style="font-size:12pt" size="3"> that I
                            would be happy to email to an</font></font><font
                          face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font
                            style="font-size:12pt" size="3">y</font></font><font
                          face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font
                            style="font-size:12pt" size="3"> EM reader
                            upon request (<a
                              href="mailto:stevebosworth@hotmail.com"
                              data-auth="NotApplicable"
                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                              class="moz-txt-link-freetext">stevebosworth@hotmail.com</a>).</font></font></font></p>
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                      <br>
                    </p>
                    <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom:
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                      <font style="font-size:11pt" size="2"><font
                          face="Calibri, sans-serif"><font
                            style="font-size:12pt" size="3">I see EPR as
                            also fully satisfying your desire to</font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            sans-serif"><font style="font-size:12pt"
                              size="3"> include the judgments of the
                              whole electorate in the count to the
                              fullest extent possible to avoid *any …
                              minim</font></font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">ally democratic ...
                            binary choice* </font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">as you put it</font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">.</font></font></font></p>
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                      <br>
                    </p>
                    <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom:
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                      <font style="font-size:11pt" size="2"><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">With regard to FAB
                            STV,</font></font><font color="#000000"><font
                            face="Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif"> I am
                            happy to assume that </font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">it</font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif"> provides this
                            benefit much more than plurality and
                            ordinary STV does. </font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">At the same time, </font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">please</font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif"> tell me how the
                            results of an FAB STV election at-large of a
                            seven-member city council </font> </font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">would</font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif"> compare with </font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">the following results
                            that an EPR election guarantees: every
                            citizens’ ballot equally adds to the voting
                            power (weighted vote) in the council of the
                            elected candidate each sees as likely to
                            represent their hopes and concerns most
                            accurately. This winner will have received
                            either this citizen’s highest grade,
                            remaining highest grade, or proxy vote.
                            Consequently, every citizen’s vote cast i</font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">s</font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif"> equally represented
                            in the council </font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">quantitatively</font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">. </font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">Exactly how EPR offer</font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">s </font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">these democratic
                            benefits is described in the above mentioned
                            available </font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif"><i>Paper</i></font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">.</font></font></font></p>
                    <p class="x_elementToProof" style="margin-top: 0px;
                      margin-bottom: 0px;margin-bottom:0in;
                      line-height:100%; background:transparent none
                      repeat scroll 0% 0%"> <br>
                    </p>
                    <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom:
                      0px;margin-bottom:0in; line-height:100%;
                      background:transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%">
                      <font style="font-size:11pt" size="2"><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">You (</font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">Richard</font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">)</font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif"> freely warn reader</font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">s</font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif"> that most </font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">of them may not</font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif"> be able </font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">fully </font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">to understand the
                            complex steps by which an FAB STV election
                            would be counted. </font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">In contrast, </font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">my co-authors and I
                            believe that</font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif"> anyone who can
                            count, add, and subtract whole </font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">numbers</font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif"> will be able to unde</font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">r</font></font><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">stand exactly how an
                            EPR </font></font><font color="#000000"><font
                            face="Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif">election
                          </font></font><font color="#000000"><font
                            face="Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif">is
                            counted.</font></font></font></p>
                    <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom:
                      0px;margin-bottom:0in; line-height:100%;
                      background:transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%">
                      <br>
                    </p>
                    <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom:
                      0px;margin-bottom:0in; line-height:100%;
                      background:transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%">
                      <font style="font-size:11pt" size="2"><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">I look forward to our
                            dialogues.</font></font></font></p>
                    <p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom:
                      0px;margin-bottom:0in; line-height:100%;
                      background:transparent none repeat scroll 0% 0%">
                      <font style="font-size:11pt" size="2"><font
                          color="#000000"><font face="Calibri,
                            Helvetica, sans-serif">Steve</font></font></font></p>
                  </b></font></div>
              <br>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </blockquote>
    </blockquote>
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