<div dir="auto"><div>Kevin,</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">I'm glad you caught that. It looks like we have to go back to explícit designations of anti-favorites to avoid this "accidental" lowering of B on a set of ballots resulting from intentional raising of C on other ballots.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The other option would be to count truncated votes fractionally in the anti-favorite tallies. But that would be messy in hand computations.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The explicit option seems better at distinguishing "don't care" truncations from strongly felt anti-favorite truncations ... for, e.g. avoiding the "dark horse" back door that low VSE candidates might otherwise sneak through.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Also, instead of adding implicit approval points when X is raised from bottom, it turns out to be smoother to subtract points from anti-favorites (as we shall see below).</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">So this method becomes ...</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Elect the candidate with the greatest difference between the number of ballots on which the designated anti-favorite is among those defeated pairwise by it and the number of ballots on which it (itself) is the designated anti-favorite.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The dual hybrid method is ...</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Elect the candidate with the greatest difference between the number of ballots on which it (itself) is the designated favorite and the number of ballots on which it is pairwise defeated by the designated favorite. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Each of these mutually dual methods is a stand alone monotonic clone-free method with high (but not perfect) Condorcet efficiency.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">They can be combined into a full-blown high-falutin hybrid method where the Borda component is more apparent:</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Elect the candidate that maximizes the number of ballots on which it is the designated favorite Plus the number of ballots on which it pairwise defeats the designated anti-favorite Minus the number of ballots on which it is the designated anti-favorite Minus the number of ballots on which it is pairwise defeated by the designated favorite.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Note that with complete rankings in the three candidate case the first and third terms of this expression together amount to the Borda Count of the candidate in question.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">It turns out that in such a three candidate case when there are only three ballot factions and no Condorcet candidate, the Borda Count decides the finish order.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">For example ...</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">45 A>B>C</div><div dir="auto">35 B> C>A</div><div dir="auto">20 C>A>B</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">[No need to explicify favorites or anti-favorites where there is no ambiguity]</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The respective candidate scores are the Borda Counts</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">45-35, 35-20, and 20-45,</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">while all of the other terms precisely cancel each other.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The non-perfect Condorcet efficiency may well be a blessing in disguise because it answers a common complaint that "... Condorcet methods have no mechanism for weeding out low approval/VSE CW's."</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Alternatively, modify the method to read ... "if there is no pairwise undefeated candidate, then elect the candidate that maximizes ...."</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">-Forest</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br><br><div class="gmail_quote" dir="auto"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">El jue., 7 de abr. de 2022 11:47 a. m., Kevin Venzke <<a href="mailto:stepjak@yahoo.fr">stepjak@yahoo.fr</a>> escribió:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Hi Forest,<br>
<br>
I'm not sure if you're still pursuing this method but as I understand it I don't<br>
think it's monotone.<br>
<br>
0.394: B>C>A<br>
0.366: A<br>
0.151: C<br>
0.087: A>B>C<br>
<br>
A>B>C>A cycle. Effective last preferences are A, B, A, C. Then C wins.<br>
<br>
Switch last faction to<br>
0.087: A>C>B<br>
<br>
Cycle remains. Effective last preferences are now A, B, B, B. This causes C to net<br>
lose a few points, and A to gain a lot due to the increased relevance of the A>B<br>
contest, so that A wins.<br>
<br>
The mechanism also doesn't seem to ensure majority favorite, but maybe you know that.<br>
<br>
I do think the "anti-favorite" concept is interesting.<br>
<br>
Kevin<br>
<br>
<br>
Le mercredi 6 avril 2022, 14:53:01 UTC−5, Forest Simmons <<a href="mailto:forest.simmons21@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">forest.simmons21@gmail.com</a>> a écrit :<br>
> I intended to say each candidate ranked above or pairwise beating a' gets a point, and two points for both.<br>
> <br>
> The monotonicity proof goes through unchanged.... as z goes down, y gains a point, but so does X as it goes up.<br>
<br>
> > On each ballot B identify the anti-favorite a'(B) as the candidate a' among those bottom listed on ballot B that is bottom listed the most on the rest of the ballots.<br>
> ><br>
> > [A candidate is bottom listed on a ballot if it is ranked over no candidate on that ballot]<br>
> ><br>
> > Elect the candidate X that, on the most ballots B, either is ranked ahead of or pairwise defeats a'(B).<br>
> ><br>
> > In other words, elect argmax N(X), where N(X) is the cardinality of the set of ballots<br>
> ><br>
> > {B | X is ranked ahead of or pairwise defeats a'(B) (or both)}.<br>
> ><br>
> > The key to monotonicity is that if some candidate X is uniquely raised on some ballot B, then for any other candidate Y, the difference N(X)-N(Y) does not decrease.<br>
> ><br>
> > The only non-trivial case is where X starts in the a'(B) position and swaps positions with some Z that was ranked above it. <br>
> ><br>
> > This definitely adds a point to N(X) because X is newly ranked ahead of a'(B). This will also add a point to Y if Z is pairwise defeated by Y.<br>
> ><br>
> > In any case, N(X)-N(Y) does not decrease.<br>
> ><br>
> > Does this method satisfy the Condorcet Criterion?<br>
> ><br>
> > Well, if X pairwise defeats all other candidates, then N(X) is equal to the total number of ballots minus the number of ballots on which X is in the a' position, which must be fewer than half of the ballots, otherwise X would be the Condorcet loser.<br>
> ><br>
> > Is it possible for N(Y) to be greater than this N(X) while losing pairwise to the CW X?<br>
> ><br>
> > Perhaps ... if so, then this method is not a stand alone Condorcet method.<br>
> ><br>
> > It would be a valuable task for someone to test its Condorcet efficiency experimentally.<br>
> ><br>
> > Thanks!<br>
> ><br>
> > -Forest<br>
<br>
</blockquote></div></div></div>