<div dir="auto">Ted,<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Your brainstorming, if may call it that, is infectious.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">As you know Score Chain Climbing produces a maximal totally ordered subset of candidates ordered by pairwise defeat ... every candidate in the chain pairwise defeats all of the other chain members below it, and the chain cannot be extended upward while retaining this total order.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">In fact, the chain consists of the successive values of the candidate variable X in the following formulation of Score Chain Climbing:</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">SCC:</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Initialize a variable X as the (name of) the lowest score candidate. Then ...</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">While more than one candidate remains, eliminate all of the candidates pairwise defeated by X, before storing a new name into X, the name of the lowest score remaining candidate.</div><div dir="auto">EndWhile</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The last value of X (the SCC winner Xf) is one of the finalists.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The other finalist is the second to the last value of X, which we designate Xf'. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">But doesn't the last X defeat all of the previous X's?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Yes, according to the ballots. But there is a good chance that the only reason Xf defeats Xf' on the ballots is that Xf' was insincerely buried under Xf.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">So how do we vindicate (or expose as fraudulent) the finalist Xf?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">We could take another trip to the polls for a runoff between between Xf and Xf'.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Otherwise, we can require voters to submit two ballots ... one to determine the two finalists, and the other to choose between them.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Sincere voters simply duplicate their first ballot to produce their second one. The strategy burdened voters adjust their insincerities to produce their second ballot.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">It is crucial that the second ballot be used exclusively for choosing the winner between the two finalists.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">However, once the final winner has been certified , these ballots can be used for forensics.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">-Forest</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">El mar., 15 de feb. de 2022 9:48 a. m., Ted Stern <<a href="mailto:dodecatheon@gmail.com">dodecatheon@gmail.com</a>> escribió:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Here's a proposal for a STAR variant that handles clones:<br><br>Top two score winners (A and B), plus the score winner when you exclude the top score winner ballots (by score weight), that's the clone-proof part. Call that the exclusive winner, X. In other words, if a ballot gives a score of 5 out of 10 to the top score winner, remove half that ballot's weight.<br><br>Eliminate any candidates defeated by X. If more than one remains, the winner is the one who defeats the other.<br><br>This follows the logic of Forest Simmons' Score Chain Climbing to resolve cycles.<br><br>The clone problem is that A and B could be clones. Removing A's ballot contributors finds the non-clone while avoiding pushover incentive. If X defeats both A and B, it's likely the CW. Otherwise, whichever of A or B is defeated by X is "weaker" (low probability, but possible in cycles). Using a lower-scoring candidate as an eliminator reduces burial incentive.<br><br>Why do I propose finding X that way instead of by a Hare or Droop quota? Well, for one thing, it's a summable process. Next, if A has >50% approval, A and B are probably the two candidates to choose from anyway. If A has <50% approval, X is being found with something like a Hare quota, moving more toward Droop as A's approval decreases.<br><br>Your thoughts?</div>
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