<div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family:sans-serif">Here is a highly flawed first attempt at decloning the "electometer" network:</span><br></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family:sans-serif"><br></span></div><div dir="auto">Unlike the straightforward case of decloning the beatpath resistance method, the electrical network resistance model allows for parallel paths of current, which introduces another source of clone dependence.<br></div><div dir="auto">To compensate for that we need to include another factor in the resistance diodes.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"> Recall that every pair of candidates (j, k) is connected by two diodes (or possibly one equivalent composite circuit element, but let's go with two dodes for clarity):</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The diode for current from node j to k has a rectifier that enforces that direction in series with a resistor whose resistance is jointly proportional with three factors ... (1) the number of ballots on which candidate k is designated favorite, (2) the number of of ballots on which candidate k is ranked ahead of candidate j, and (3) the number of ballots on which j is designated as "anti-favorite."</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">It is this last factor of resistance that allows for candidate j to be cloned in the context of current flowing out of j into k, just as the first factor allows for k to be cloned in the context of current flowing into k from j.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">If j and k, respectively, are replaced by clone sets of cardinality #j and #k, respectively, then the directional diode from j to k will be replaced by #j*#k diodes whose combined resistance will be the same as the single resistance described above for the diode from j to k.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Unfortunately, this last claim of combined resistance cannot be correct because only in series (as opposed to parallel) is resistance additive.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Does anybody see how to rescue this approach?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Perhaps through conductance, which is additive in parallel ...</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">-Forest</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">El mar., 1 de mar. de 2022 1:38 p. m., Forest Simmons <<a href="mailto:forest.simmons21@gmail.com">forest.simmons21@gmail.com</a>> escribió:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto">I wrote this in a hurry ... the basic method should be called MinMaxLeastTotalResistanceBeatPath.<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The total resistance TR of a beatpath BP is the sum of its losing votes.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">For each pair of candidates (j,k) let TLR(j,k) be the total resistance of the beatpath of least resistance from j to k. Elect the candidate j that minimizes the maximum value of TLR(j,k) as k varies over the other candidates.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">To get the de-cloned version, weight each losing vote by the number of ballots on which the pairwise loser is designated favorite.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Any electrical engineer should be able to design an "electo-meter" network that has, for each pair of candidates (j,k), a diode from node j to node k that allows current to move from j to k with resistance jointly proportional to the number of ballots on which k is ranked ahead of j and the number of ballots on which k is designated favorite.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Elect the candidate j that minimizes the maximum network resistance from node j to node k as k varies over the other nodes. [Put the source probe of a directional ohm meter at j while varying the sink probe over the other nodes (k).]</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">One of ypu engineers correct me if my EE terminology isn't quite right.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">-Forest</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">El mar., 1 de mar. de 2022 9:25 a. m., Forest Simmons <<a href="mailto:forest.simmons21@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">forest.simmons21@gmail.com</a>> escribió:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto">Define the total resistance of the losers in a beatpath as the sum of the losing votes. Unfortunately, minimization of this total beatpath resistance is a clone dependent method.<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">However, the method can be decloned.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Let L be the vector of losing votes along the beatpath. Let F be the vector of corresponding favorite votes, i.e. F_k is the number of ballots on which candidate k is designated as favorite.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The decloned resistance of the beatpath is the dot product of L and F. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Minimizing this dot product over beatpaths is a clone free method that could be called de-cloned Min Resistance BeatPath (dcMinRBP).</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Use this method to break ties.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Better yet, use dcMinRBP as the main method, and break ties with Schulze.</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">El dom., 27 de feb. de 2022 6:05 a. m., Kristofer Munsterhjelm <<a href="mailto:km_elmet@t-online.de" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">km_elmet@t-online.de</a>> escribió:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Like minmax, Schulze sometimes has a lot of ties, particularly for<br>
elections with few voters. But perhaps this way could work to break ties<br>
in a consistent way:<br>
<br>
Let p[A, B] be the strength of the strongest beatpath going from A to B.<br>
<br>
Now do ext-Minmax on the p matrix. This is minmax (i.e. A's score is A's<br>
weakest pairwise contest vs B), but ties are broken by looking at second<br>
weakest pairwise contests, third weakest, etc.<br>
<br>
Since there always exists a candidate A who is the "Condorcet winner"<br>
according to p, and this is the same as the Schulze winner, and both<br>
Minmax and ext-Minmax pass Condorcet, this method should agree with<br>
Schulze when there are no ties.<br>
<br>
But do we lose any criteria from this? I don't know; it's just a thought<br>
that occurred to me as a way to make ext-Minmax more Schulze-like.<br>
Possibly there exist situations where there's a tie according to<br>
Schulze, and this breaks the tie in a way that (say) depends on clones;<br>
but I'm not sure how to construct such an example.<br>
<br>
Another possible drawback is that the social order may suffer, because<br>
minmax doesn't pass Condorcet loser. So it might be that the social<br>
ranking is A>B>C>D by Schulze, and this is strict (A has 3 strong<br>
beatpaths, B has 2, C has 1, D has none), but D's weakest beatpath is<br>
stronger than C's; and then the ext-Minmax modification returns a<br>
different social order even though there are no ties at any point.<br>
<br>
This might point to the idea being not entirely defensible. One could,<br>
of course, only break the ties that exist by ext-Minmax, but that feels<br>
rather like a hack.<br>
<br>
Perhaps it would be doable to augment Floyd-Warshall to maximize the<br>
leximin of the beatpath instead of just its minimum - among the paths<br>
with the strongest weakest link, find the one with the strongest<br>
second-weakest link, etc. Then comparing the full vectors of defeats<br>
along the beatpath thus recovered could resolve ties in a way more<br>
consistent with the Schulze method itself.<br>
<br>
I'm still only working by intuition, though; I haven't rigorously<br>
checked any of these ideas.<br>
<br>
-km<br>
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