<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:trebuchet ms,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Jan 26, 2022 at 10:19 PM Forest Simmons <<a href="mailto:forest.simmons21@gmail.com">forest.simmons21@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto">Practical suggestions ... convert the second order vector differential equations into a system of two first order vector ODE's ...<br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">dr/dt=v, </div><div dir="auto">dv/dt=-grad V(r)</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Solve numerically using RK4 or even simple Euler's method ... after all we're just using the path to sample the space. Try several initial conditions ... nothing too far outside the support of the voter distribution.</div></div></div>
</blockquote></div><div><br></div><div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">I'm pretty sure that that would just create an orbit. Since V(r) is not a point mass we might expect a complicated non-periodic or quasi-periodic orbit, but an orbit nonetheless. If we knew that V(r) had a simple bowl shape we could just do a hill-climbing algorithm, but in general V(r) could have all sorts of hills, valleys, and saddle points.</div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">One simple example: If you have a cluster of left-wing voters and a cluster of right-wing voters, and they are well segregated, you could end up just orbiting one of the two clusters. That could say something interesting about why it might be hard for a politician to be a centrist (politician can't climb out of her respective local potential to move to the center) but that's not what you are looking for.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">Cheers,</div>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><font face="trebuchet ms, sans-serif">Dr. Daniel Carrera</font></div><div dir="ltr"><font face="trebuchet ms, sans-serif">Postdoctoral Research Associate</font></div><div><font face="trebuchet ms, sans-serif">Iowa State University</font></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>