<div dir="auto"><div><br><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">El mié., 19 de ene. de 2022 4:52 p. m., Daniel Carrera <<a href="mailto:dcarrera@gmail.com">dcarrera@gmail.com</a>> escribió:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:trebuchet ms,sans-serif;font-size:small"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">On Wed, Jan 19, 2022 at 4:32 PM Forest Simmons <<a href="mailto:forest.simmons21@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">forest.simmons21@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</span><br></div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto">Better yet use de-cloned Copeland, which has a statistically negligible chance of ties.<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The offensive score of candidate X is the sum of last place votes of the candidates pairwise defeated by X.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The defensive score of candidate X is the sum of first place votes of the candidates that pairwise defeat .</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">In the unlikely case that the offensive and defensive champions are are not the same, elect the pairwise winner of the two.</div></div></blockquote></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"></div><div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">I'm not familiar with de-cloned Copeland. I think I'm seriously misunderstanding how it works... So... X's offensive score is the sum of the total number of ballots that favor the OTHER candidate?</div></div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto">"Defeated by X..."</div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">6 votes: A>B<br>5 votes: B>A<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">A beats B, 6 vs 5. So... the last place votes is 5... and B is defeated by A... so A's offensive score is 5? ??? I must have misunderstood.</div></div></blockquote></div></div><div dir="auto">A's offensive score is the number of last place votes of the candidate defeated by A, namely the six last place votes of B.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Here's another way to say it in general: A's offensive score is the number of candidates pairwise defeated by A weighted by their average number of last place votes.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">So like St Patrick, candidate A gets more credit for driving out the snakes and dragons than for controlling the mole and cricket populations.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Similarly, A's <span style="font-family:sans-serif">defensive score is the number of candidates that defeat A weighted by their average number of first place votes.</span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family:sans-serif"><br></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family:sans-serif">The smaller this score, the better it speaks for A, .. this score could be small from A suffering few defeats or from the candidates defeating A not being strong enough to get very many first place votes.</span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family:sans-serif"><br></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family:sans-serif">If there is a Condorcet winner, she will be both best offensive and defensive candidate simultaneously. Otherwise, the head-to-head winner between the two is the natural choice.</span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family:sans-serif"><br></span></div><div dir="auto"><font face="sans-serif">Those are the heuristic justifications for the two scores, but beyond that it is obvious that if B covers A, then B's offensive score will be higher than A's, and B's defensive score will be lower than A's, so the winner must be in the Landau Set.</font></div><div dir="auto"><font face="sans-serif"><br></font></div><div dir="auto"><font face="sans-serif">The weights serve to de-clone standard Copeland. </font></div><div dir="auto"><font face="sans-serif"><br></font></div><div dir="auto"><font face="sans-serif">And using weights from opposite ends of the rankings for the offensive and defensive scores allows the right kind of decoupling of mono-raising and lowering to preserve Copeland's monotonicity, which proved to be impossible when we only used first place votes for de-cloning.</font></div><div dir="auto"><font face="sans-serif"><br></font></div><div dir="auto"><font face="sans-serif">Thanks for taking an interest!</font></div><div dir="auto"><font face="sans-serif"><br></font></div><div dir="auto"><font face="sans-serif"><br></font></div><div dir="auto"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">--</span><br></div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><font face="trebuchet ms, sans-serif">Dr. Daniel Carrera</font></div><div dir="ltr"><font face="trebuchet ms, sans-serif">Postdoctoral Research Associate</font></div><div><font face="trebuchet ms, sans-serif">Iowa State University</font></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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