<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:trebuchet ms,sans-serif;font-size:small"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">On Sat, Jan 15, 2022 at 8:41 AM Kristofer Munsterhjelm <<a href="mailto:km_elmet@t-online.de">km_elmet@t-online.de</a>> wrote:</span><br></div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">The setting may be a bit misleading: in the game that the strategy's<br>
being calculated on, there's first an "honest" round, and then factions<br>
who prefer someone else to the winner get to try to make that someone win.<br>
<br>
In particular, there's no hidden information. In a real election, voters<br>
who prefer some Y to X might not know that Y is the candidate they<br>
should be compromising for, and that e.g. trying to compromise for Z<br>
instead would backfire. So adjusting lower ranks may still be useful in<br>
such a situation, or when the voters are aiming for destructive strategy<br>
("anyone but T") rather than constructive.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">It is also worth noting that while real elections don't have perfect information, they generally do have some information. Most elections are repeats of previous elections. Candidates change, but party platforms and political affiliations don't as much. It would actually be interesting to rethink the "elections" and "candidates" from the simulation as instead representing relatively fixed voters and parties. We can grab (electorate,parties) where there was a successful strategy, and have it repeat the election over and over again, each time allowing coalitions to shift their votes, until we reach a Nash equilibrium. I'm not exactly sure what I would do with that information though.</div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">On a mostly unrelated note, I just ran Smith//IRV. Unsurprisingly, it's similar to Benham, but there is more room for the JGA strategy:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">- N = 4, V = 99, C = 5<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">- Smith//IRV</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">- 4.7% of elections have successful strategies</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">- 94% of successful strategies are the trivial one</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">- The remaining strategies are split 38% "reverse" and 62% "JGA".</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">As an argument in favor of Range, Warren sketches a scenario where the<br>
frontrunners are X and Y and everybody either votes X>...>Y or Y>...>X.<br>
As a consequence of the majority criterion, either X or Y wins; and then<br>
he says that this probably will lead to two-party domination because the<br>
strategy is self-stabilizing . The results from the strategy<br>
calculations could be used to back up that argument.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">I'm not sure I understand how this is an argument in favor of Range. The JGA paper doesn't include Range, but it includes Approval and Approval is one of the easiest to manipulate systems. I would guess that Range would be similar. Warren's scenario seems to me like a likely end result of the sort of repeat elections leading to a Nash equilibrium that I suggested earlier. If we make the simplifying assumption that every election that can be manipulated is an electorate that will one day end up in a two-party system, it would follow that the systems that are hardest to manipulate are the ones most likely to avoid going down that path.</div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">However, it may well be that if everybody but one voter is doing so, and<br>
a third party voter does A>X>...>Y instead of X>...>Y, then X still<br>
wins; and so on up until enough tird party voters put A first, after<br>
which A wins. And if the X>Y voters can't all be relied on to put X<br>
first no matter what, then such weaker strategies may grow until there<br>
are no longer only two frontrunners.<br>
<br>
Dynamic strategy (my response to your response to...) is much harder to<br>
model than static. But I would expect that methods that resist static<br>
(one-shot) strategy better would also resist dynamic strategy better.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">That would be my guess too.</div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><font face="trebuchet ms, sans-serif">Dr. Daniel Carrera</font></div><div dir="ltr"><font face="trebuchet ms, sans-serif">Postdoctoral Research Associate</font></div><div><font face="trebuchet ms, sans-serif">Iowa State University</font></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>