<div dir="auto">Very true, and I would have said err on the side of VSE until Robert B-J convinced me that sincere cycles are practically non-existent with an occurrence of less than 0.5 percent.<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">He got that statistic from Fair Vote's analysis of over 400 elections, and they have no particular reason to exaggerate that statistic. So suppose they're right, then do we conclude that any old Condorcet method is as good as another?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">You know the answer to that, Kristofer, but I elaborate for the benefit of the typical EM List reader:</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">No, because, as Kristofer pointed out, it depends on the "neighborhood."</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Back in the fifties when I was a kid in rural/small town eastern Washington state nobody locked their doors. In fact, they usually left their keys in the ignition for convenience. But was that the prudent/sustainable thing to do? </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Nowadays sixty years later, in those same neighborhoods people have learned by experience to adopt city slicker habits of door locking.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">When 99.5 percent of election polls reveal the existence of sincere Condorcet candidates, the election method with the greatest Condorcet efficiency will come the closest to electing a CW 99.5 percent of the time.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">But don't all Condorcet methods have equal Condorcet efficiency? Isn't the very definition of "Condorcet method" a method that always elects the Condorcet candidate when one exists?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">That would be nice if there were such a method, but Gibbard-Satterwaithe shows the impossibility of that ideal in any tough neiborhood.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Then what is the real definition of "Condorcet Method"?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">It is a method that elects a ballot Condorcet candidate. In tough neighborhoods there will often be sincere Condorcet candidates that are not ballot Condorcet Candidates ... because they are ranked insincerely on the ballots.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">So how to ensure that sincere Condorcet candidates retain their Condorcet status on the ballots?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Only methods that take this question seriously can have sustainable Condorcet efficiency.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Let's do a thought experiment to compare the Condorcet efficiency of Ranked Pairs, Benham, Schulze, and other Condorcet methods:</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Suppose that sincere preferences are given...</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">40 A>C</div><div dir="auto">35 B>C</div><div dir="auto">25 C>A</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Like 99.5 percent of electorates this one has a sincere Condorcet candidate, namely C, which is preferred over A by a 60 percent majority, and preferred over B by a 65 percent majority.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The question of Condorcet efficiency in this example is "Which Condorcet methods are most likely to elect C ?"</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">But that depends on the neighborhood. In Grant County, Washington of the fifties, any Condorcet method would elect C.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">But which Condorcet method would robustly elect C even in Brooklyn, New York?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">That depends on which methods take the possibility of subversion seriously... subversion of the sincere CW by intentional cycle creation.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Under Schulze, RP, River, MinMax, etc. candidate A would likely win because the A faction could confidently bury A under B, creating an insincere defeat cycle with weakest defeat being the 60 percent C over A compared with the 75 percent B over C, and the 65 percent A over B.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">All of these standard Condorcet methods are built on the assumption that the smallest majority (60% C over A) is the one most likely to be "wrong".</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">So they elect A, unwittingly rewarding the A faction for subverting the sincere CW.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">But how about Q&D/C?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">It would elect C because it is a ballot Condorcet method intolerant of the kind of subversion that rewarded the A faction under Schulze, etc. Since the subversion would just backfire, no faction would be dumb enough to try it.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Let's look at how it would backfire were the A faction stupid enough to attempt the burial of C under B:</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The candidate with the lowest basic score would then be C, so B would win as the only candidate pairwise undefeated by C.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">So A's gambit would just change the winner from its second choice C to its last choice B.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Do you think any major faction in Brooklyn would gamble on a sure loss like that?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">To be clear, what this example shows is that our Quick and Dirty/Clean method has Condorcet efficiency superior to that of Schulze, etc.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">And why is it more Condorcet efficient? Because it was designed on a realistic game theoretic principle, rather than a statistical error correcting technique designed mainly for filtering out inadvertent "mistakes" in judgment (or minority opinion).</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">This example could be (and has been) multiplied indefinitely with the same pattern of results:</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Q&D/C is much more Condorcet efficient than Schulze et al in rough neighborhoods, as well as 100 percent efficient in easy neighborhoods (like any and every Condorcet method is).</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">So here's the best advice for Condorcet method design: focus on frustrating cycle creators. Make sure that all attempts at cycle creation backfire automatically. Beyond that accommodate any (possible but vanishingly rare) sincere cycles by making sure the method always elects simply, monotonically, and clone indepently from the ballot Smith set, as does Q&D/C, a method that Pareto dominates all of the old Condorcet methods on these criteria.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">To put it bluntly, all of those older methods are pretty much passe ... uniformly dominated by Q&D/C when it comes to single winner elections for public office.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">I'm sorry to talk so bluntly, but subtle words don't seem to register in this context, especially among the self-styled movers and shakers [who probably won't even read them anyway🤔]</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family:sans-serif">On a technical note ... to make sure that Q&D/C is ISDA, use a version that immediately restricts to Smith, or at least counts the "basic scores" relative to the Smith Set candidates.</span><br></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family:sans-serif"><br></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family:sans-serif">Forest</span></div><div dir="auto"><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">El vie., 7 de ene. de 2022 4:38 a. m., Kristofer Munsterhjelm <<a href="mailto:km_elmet@t-online.de">km_elmet@t-online.de</a>> escribió:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">On 07.01.2022 07:05, Forest Simmons wrote:<br>
> Most designers of Condorcet methods asume that the gentlemanly thing to<br>
> do is to give the votes a benefit of a doubt and assume that they must<br>
> have voted sincerely but cycles are a result of errores of judgement. <br>
> <br>
> Because of these assumptions they attempt to filter out the erroneous<br>
> preferences statistically <br>
> .. the main heuristic is that larger majorities are less apt to hold<br>
> erroneous opinions than smaller ones ... hence cycles are broken by<br>
> annulling the defeats with the smallest majorities.<br>
<br>
There is probably a tradeoff between strategic resistance and honest<br>
VSE. The more you want one, the less you get the other, and at the<br>
extremes you completely disregard one or the other.<br>
<br>
So if we could construct methods to spec, the best approach would be to<br>
somehow infer just how much strategy the method needs to resist, and<br>
then maximize VSE in a suitable model (probably spatial) subject to this<br>
constraint.<br>
<br>
But we don't really know how strong the barrier has to be against<br>
strategy. As I've mentioned before, I think it differs based on culture:<br>
IIRC Ireland saw much less vote management under STV than did New York.<br>
<br>
If we only have one shot, it's reasonable to err on the side of strategy<br>
resistance. That's not to say that the honesty-favoring methods don't<br>
have their place, though: Debian seems to do pretty well with Schulze,<br>
for instance.<br>
<br>
As for methods like Plurality and (probably) IRV -- well, they're just<br>
Pareto-dominated. You can find methods with better VSE and the same<br>
level of strategic resistance, or methods that handle strategy better<br>
while providing the same VSE.<br>
<br>
-km<br>
</blockquote></div>