<div dir="auto">My proposal, Implicit Approval Chain Climbing (IACC), needs a tie breaker. For that purpose we require each candidate to submit a recommended tie breaking order. The order submitted by the highest implicit approval candidate will be used.<div dir="auto"><br><div dir="auto">In the rare event that the tie is for highest implicit approval, break this tie by applying the IACC method recursively to a copy of the ballot set restricted to the candidates tied for highest IA.<br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Does that "tie up" all of the loose ends?</div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">El jue., 23 de dic. de 2021 9:44 p. m., Forest Simmons <<a href="mailto:forest.simmons21@gmail.com">forest.simmons21@gmail.com</a>> escribió:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto">Here's my simplest adequate public proposal in the RCV category:<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">While no candidate has been elected ... eliminate all of the candidates beaten pairwise by the lowest (remaining) implicit approval candidate L.</div><div dir="auto">Then if L is the only remaining candidate, elect L, Else eliminate L.</div><div dir="auto">EndWhile</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">That's all there is to it except for a reminder of what "implicit approval" is, and what "pairwise defeat" means.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The implicit approval of a candidate is the number of ballots on which it is ranked above at least one other candidate *before* any eliminations have been executed.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Candidate X beats candidate Y pairwise iff X is ranked (strictly) ahead of Y on more ballots than not.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">This method satisfies all of the criteria that I outlined in the RCV Challenge (copied below). <span style="font-family:sans-serif">Note how seamlessly all of these compliances are met!</span></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">[But just because I am giving all of this advanced information to EM list experts doesn't mean that any of it is appropriate for any explanation to the public ... it is not! </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">I am warning you that you need to choose carefully how to explain this or any other method to members of the public. In general the less said the better ... beyond examples of counting ballots. As a general rule it is a big mistake to answer a question before they ask it.]</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">And beyond the criteria we talked about last time, this method satisfies Independence from Smith Dominated Alternatives and is also Banks Efficient! <br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">A Banks candidate is one that stands at the head of a maximal chain that is totally ordered by the pairwise-beat/defeat relation. All Banks candidates have short beatpaths (two or fewer steps) to all candidates, which can be seen in the context of our method, because in that context every lower L candidate is beaten by the winner, and each of the remaining lower candidates is wiped out by one of the lower L's.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">In our context the totally ordered chain is the sequence of L's in the counting procedure that distinguishes the method from other RCV methods.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">One of the most important features of this method is its resistance to strategic attacks against Condorcet candidates. Without this essential feature a Condorcet method is "too soft on manipulators" to reliably elect the sincere/true Condorcet Winner.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Most experts seem to agree that sincere Condorcet Candidates (CC's) exist in most public elections. But poorly crafted (and even some fairly adequate) methods sometimes allow manipulators to subvert (by insincere rankings) the sincere CC''s ballot status with impunity ... all <span style="font-family:sans-serif">to the manipulators' advantage and detriment of the CC.</span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family:sans-serif"><br></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family:sans-serif">A couple of examples will clarify this point.</span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family:sans-serif"><br></span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family:sans-serif">45 A>B (sincere is A>C)</span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family:sans-serif">30 B>C</span></div><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family:sans-serif">25 C>A</span></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The sincere ballots show C to be the CW:</div><div dir="auto">C beats A, 55 to 45, and C beats B, 70 to 30.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">But the insincere "burial" of C by the A faction changes C's pairwise victory over B into a defeat of C by B, 75 to 25.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Most Condorcet methods, including Ranked Pairs, CSSD, and MinMax, reward this A faction gambit with victory for A.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Even Benham elects A by eliminating C in its first round.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">So those methods are "soft on burial," at least in this case. How about our Banks efficient method? [We need a good name for it ... something less technical and more inspiring than IACC for "Implicit Approval Chain Climbing".]</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The implicit approval order in the sincere case is...</div><div dir="auto">C 100</div><div dir="auto">A 70</div><div dir="auto">B 30</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">L1 is B, which is eliminated during the first pass through the while loop. </div><div dir="auto">L2 is A which is eliminated upon the second pass.</div><div dir="auto">L3 is C, the last candidate standing.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">This is no surprise because a ballot Condorcet winner will always be the top member of any maximal chain totally ordered by the pairwise beat relation.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Now the test ... how does it perform on the manipulated ballots? Is it soft on burial like the other better known methods?</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">This time the implicit approval order is</div><div dir="auto">B 75</div><div dir="auto">A 70</div><div dir="auto">C 55</div><div dir="auto">L1 is C which takes out A with it in the first pass through the while loop leaving B as the winner. </div><div dir="auto">The A faction burial plot backfired!</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">We can plainly see why it back fired ... when C was relegated to the bottom of the implicit approval list by the A supporters, that automatically gave C an opportunity for revenge since the bottom approval candidate has first chance to take down all of the candidates it beats pairwise.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Here's another common test case...</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">48 C</div><div dir="auto">28 A>B</div><div dir="auto">24 B (sincere is B>A)</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">A is the sincere Condorcet winner, but the B faction's truncation of A changes A's victory over C, 52 to 48, to a defeat by C, 48 to 26.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">With the sincere Condorcet Candidate subverted, our chain climbing method starts with A = L1 at the bottom of the approval list ...</div><div dir="auto">B 52</div><div dir="auto">C 48</div><div dir="auto">A 26</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Then L1 is A which takes out B with itself, and leaves L2=C as the winner. So B's gambit backfired.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Meanwhile all of the above mentioned Condorcet winning votes (wv) methods reward the manipulator B.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Benham, which is not a wv method agrees with our chain climbing method, but it has other problems, including non-monotonicity. However, if the method were to successfully avoid almost all attacks against sincere CC,s, the non-monotonicity would almost never be brought into play.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">I'm not saying that IACC makes manipulation backfire in every case ... but when the X faction beaten by the sincere Condorcet Winner W, insincerely relegates W to the bottom of the implicit approval list L1=W, that will backfire because in the very first pass through the while loop this candidate L1=W will take out X ... it's not just a mysterious coincidence. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">This is a brand new method that needs some serious testing .... but I don't know of any simpler RCV method with this much promise.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">That's my challenge to you!</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Best Wishes for the Holidays!</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">-FWS</div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">El jue., 23 de dic. de 2021 4:08 p. m., Forest Simmons <<a href="mailto:forest.simmons21@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">forest.simmons21@gmail.com</a>> escribió:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto">Despite our best efforts, I'm not sure that we've yet seen or heard the best possible deterministic, Ranked Choice Voting proposals.<div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">In my next message I will submit the best public proposal that I can think of in that category (the category of Universal Domain ... i.e. based purely on Ranked Choice/Preference information ... equal rankings and truncations allowed). Of course, anybody can easily improve on any such method by coloring outside of the UD lines ... for example by use of explicit approval cutoffs, scores, grades, judgments, virtual candidates, and other devices for stratifying rank relations by relative importance/strength, as well as probabilities, random ballot drawings, etc.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">But let's temporarily put aside all of these power tools and see what we can accomplish with screwdriver, pliers, etc.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The challenge is to make the method as simple as possible while complying with clone independence, monotonicity, and the other most basic criteria like Pareto, anonymity, neutrality, majority, etc.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Simplicity is in the eye of the beholder ... hard to pin down, but you know it when you see it.... definitely not just a bunch of ad hoc rules cobbled together to patch up an out moded second rate method from yesteryear. The fewer seams, the better.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Simplicity includes simplicity of data summary, simplicity of computation, simplicity of formulation/description, etc.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">One antonym of simplicity is complexity ... complexity of the basic idea/heuristic, logical complexity, computational complexity, etc.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">I look forward to seeing some of your favorite methods ... original or not. And don't worry if they do not completely comply with the ideal criteria I outlined above ... a really good, intuitively appealing, simple idea can be forgiven a small transgression or two .... and could become the germ for an even better method.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">I put simplicity ahead of familiarity because a simple idea can easily become familiar, so lack of familiarity is a temporary problem caused by a history of poor attention to civics education. </div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">This challenge is an opportunity for you to take one small step to help remedy that educational deficiency!</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Thanks!</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">-Forest</div></div>
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