<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:trebuchet ms,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div></div><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Dec 20, 2021 at 8:42 AM robert bristow-johnson <<a href="mailto:rbj@audioimagination.com">rbj@audioimagination.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">In the language above, if two candidates are tied in a pairwise comparison, they are *both* marked as defeated and the plurality language in step (4) kicks in if the top two are tied. I was wondering if a better tie breaker for a pair of candidates that otherwise beat every other candidate (except each other) would be to look at the *smallest* margin each candidate has with other candidates (the margin they have with each other is zero) and elect the candidate with the larger of the smallest margins. If that ties, then go to the next smallest margin.<br>
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Using the most simple language that might have a prayer of getting into legislation, what might be the best way of dealing with dead ties? Really, the only tie that matters is the one of the "top two" candidates (whatever "top two" means in the Condorcet universe)<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">Starting from what you have, if you want to incorporate margins of defeat, it's not too difficult to convert your text into Minimax:</div><br></div><div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">----------</div></div><div> (3) If no candidate receives a majority of first preferences, a Condorcet-consistent retabulation shall be performed by the presiding election officer. The retabulation shall examine every possible pairing of candidates. Given N as the number of candidates, then the number of possible pairings of candidates is N(N-1)/2. For each possible pairing of candidates, if the number of ballots marked ranking a selected candidate over the other candidate does not exceed the number of ballots marked to the contrary, then the selected candidate is designated as defeated<b><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"></span>**, and the difference between these two numbers is the margin of defeat<span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"> of the selected candidate for that pairing</span>. The margin of defeat can be zero**</b>. After all candidate pairs are examined, the candidate who remains not designated as defeated is the Condorcet winner and is elected.<br><br> (4) If no Condorcet winner exists in step (3), then <b><span class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"></span>**the candidate with the largest margin of defeat in any pairing is eliminated, in rounds, until only one candidate remains. The remaining candidate is elected.**</b><br><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">----------</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">So I added a sentence to (3) to save the margin of defeat, and that allows me to easily code the Minimax rule in (4).</div><br><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">Cheers,</div></div></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><font face="trebuchet ms, sans-serif">Dr. Daniel Carrera</font></div><div dir="ltr"><font face="trebuchet ms, sans-serif">Postdoctoral Research Associate</font></div><div><font face="trebuchet ms, sans-serif">Iowa State University</font></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>