<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:trebuchet ms,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Jun 30, 2021 at 11:25 AM Kristofer Munsterhjelm <<a href="mailto:km_elmet@t-online.de">km_elmet@t-online.de</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">> Aha! I'm learning, I'm learning...<br>
> <a href="https://electowiki.org/wiki/Dominant_mutual_third_set" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://electowiki.org/wiki/Dominant_mutual_third_set</a><br>
> <<a href="https://electowiki.org/wiki/Dominant_mutual_third_set" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://electowiki.org/wiki/Dominant_mutual_third_set</a>><br>
> <br>
> I couldn't find a page for "Plurality Benham". Let's see...<br>
<br>
Yeah, I might need to contribute more to Electowiki again. I kind of<br>
stopped after I disagreed with another contributor on how certain<br>
political positions were portrayed, and I couldn't be bothered to find<br>
the proper sources to back my response with, so I didn't do anything at all.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">Well, I hope you contribute to Electowiki again. I've learned a lot from it.</div><br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">> It wasn't obvious to me at first that taking Behman and replacing "do<br>
> IRV" with "sort by plurality" and replacing "eliminate" with "remove"<br>
> makes it equivalent to the proposed method. But after thinking about it<br>
> for a bit, I *think* I see it. But I need to think more about this.<br>
<br>
Suppose that in some round you're going to check if A, the bottom<br>
candidate on the list, wins. If nobody else on the list beats A<br>
pairwise, then A is by definition a Condorcet winner among the remaining<br>
candidates. And that's the criterion Benham uses to select its winner.<br>
Thus looking for a pairwise loss against any candidate is the same as<br>
finding the Condorcet winner (up to tie situations).<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">Yeah. I was a bit stuck because it wasn't obvious to me that the sequence of removals or eliminations would happen in the same order. But they do:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Benham/Pb</span><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">: ... Check to see if there is a CW. If not, eliminate the bottom candidate.</span></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">Me: ... On each round check to see if the bottom candidate is the CW, otherwise eliminate them.</div><br></div><div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">It took me a moment to prove to myself that these are identical (mine is just slower). If there is no CW winner on this round, both methods eliminate the same candidate. If there is a CW in this round, Benham finds them immediately while my version wastes a few rounds ditching candidates before it arrives at the CW. My version is also more convoluted to explain. Pb allows for a particularly easy explanation because you don't have to talk about sorting, ranking, etc. Here is the simplest way I've found to express Pb:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">PB: "<i>If there is a CW, elect them. Otherwise, remove the candidate with the fewest first person votes and repeat.</i>"</div><br></div><div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">A poster on Reddit just gave me a layman's version:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">PB: "<i>If someone would win against every other guy in a 1 vs 1 matchup, they win. Otherwise we kick out the guy that the fewest voters picked as their first choice and repeat</i>"</div><br></div><div><span style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif">I've even toyed with the language for the Burlington mayoral election. Back in 2019 rb-j posted the language from the pro-IRV group. It's 169 words:</span><br></div><div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">-------</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">All elections of mayor, city councilors and school commissioners shall be by ballot, using a system of ranked choice voting without a separate runoff election. The chief administrative officer shall implement a ranked choice voting protocol according to these guidelines:<br> (1) The ballot shall give voters the option of ranking candidates in order of preference.<br> (2) If a candidate receives a majority (over 50 percent) of first preferences, that candidate is elected.<br> (3) If no candidate receives a majority of first preferences, an instant runoff re-tabulation shall be performed by the presiding election officer. The instant runoff re-tabulation shall be conducted in rounds. In each round, each voter’s ballot shall count as a single vote for whichever continuing candidate the voter has ranked highest. The candidate with the fewest votes after each round shall be eliminated until only two candidates remain, with the candidate then receiving the greatest number of votes being elected.<br> (4) The city council may adopt additional regulations consistent with this subsection to implement these standards.<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">-------</div><br></div><div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">For reference, rb-j's text for BTR-STV was 343 words. I can write Pb in similar language in 148 words:</div></div><div><br></div><div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">-------</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">All elections of mayor, city councilors and school commissioners shall be by ballot, using a system of ranked choice voting without a separate runoff election. The chief administrative officer shall implement a ranked choice voting protocol according to these guidelines:<br> (1) The ballot shall give voters the option of ranking candidates in order of preference.<br> (2) A candidate “A” is said to win against another candidate “B” if more voters rank “A” above “B” than rank “B” above “A”. If there is a candidate that wins against every other candidate, that candidate is elected.<br> (3) If no candidate wins against every other candidate, the presiding officer shall remove the candidate with fewest first place votes, in rounds, until one of the remaining candidates wins against every other candidate. That candidate is elected.<br> (4) The city council may adopt additional regulations consistent with this subsection to implement these standards.<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">-------<br class="gmail-Apple-interchange-newline"></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">This makes Pb a very realistic proposal for the very real decision next year in Burlington, when the city council will decide whether to adopt some kind of ranked ballot system again.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">> Alright. Overall it sounds like PB is doing really well. To me it looks<br>
> easier to explain than BTR-STV and it has several nice features on top.<br>
> Even if it's not monotonic, well, neither is IRV and IRV is starting to<br>
> get adopted. If monotonicity means that the method is too complicated<br>
> for any city council to adopt and they just end up choosing IRV, then<br>
> monotonicity is not worth it.<br>
<br>
It's a bit of a tradeoff. Going from Benham to Pb gives you summability<br>
and a somewhat simpler description of the method, but you lose clone<br>
independence.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">Is clone independence a big problem in Pb? This is an intentionally vague question. I'm trying to distinguish between problems that are very likely to happen very often in real elections and theoretical problems that are unlikely to show up often. Split votes in FPTP is by far the world's best known example of electoral failure, whereas my understanding is that Minimax is only affected by clones if you have three clones in a cycle in the Smith set.</div></div><div> </div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Agenda methods might in general have an additional advantage: that they<br>
mirror parlaimentary procedure, and thus council officials should be<br>
more familiar with the logic -- at least in assemblies that handle the<br>
agenda that way.<br>
</blockquote></div><div><br></div><div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">I hope you're right. I hope council officials find Pb intuitive.</div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">Cheers,</div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:"trebuchet ms",sans-serif;font-size:small">Daniel</div></div>