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<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
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border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">Message: 1<br>
Date: Thu, 27 Jun 2019 13:07:25 -0700<br>
From: "robert bristow-johnson" <rbj@audioimagination.com><br>
To: "EM List" <election-methods@electorama.com><br>
Subject: Re: [EM] What should an ideal single-winner method achieve?<br>
Message-ID:<br>
<c72c539139edd923429da315bd373715.squirrel@webmail04.register.com><br>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"<br>
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R: 1. One person, one vote.? this does **not** maximize utility because it says that if I really really like my Candidate A much more than Candidate B and you only slightly prefer your Candidate B over A, your vote for B>A counts no less (nor no more) than
my vote for A>B.?....</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#323130;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">S:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>Please explain why you think one citizen’s vote should have more weight than another citizen’s vote?<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>Also, to remove the question about the different intensities with which citizens may *like* or prefer one candidate over another, you may wish to consider MJ’s use of
<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>up to 6 different grades to remove all such ambiguity (Excellent, Very Good, Good, Acceptable, Poor, or Reject).<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>Preferences can be inferred from a list of grades but grades cannot be inferred from rankings.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#323130;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">R: This does not maximize utility but sticks
with the principle that all of we citizen voters have an equal franchise in government, which is fundamental to me.? More fundamental than maximizing the mean utility over the electorate.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#323130;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">S: If so, you would seem to have every reason
to prefer MJ to the alternatives.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>MJ guarantees this *equal franchise* by treating each vote equally when electing the winner who has received at least 50% plus one citizen’s vote of all the votes cast.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>This winner has received this number of grades that are higher than, or equal to, the highest median-grade received by any of the candidates.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>Thus, at the same time, the candidate has been elected judge by the majority to be most fit for office, i.e. the one most likely and able to help *maximize* the *utility* of the society represented by the electorate.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>What do you think?</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#323130;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">R:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>2. Removing the burden of tactical voting from voters and removing the temptation of strategic voting from campaigns.? This implies some method to prevent or at least impede spoilers from swinging an election.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#323130;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">S:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>Please consider Balinski and Laraki’s explanations of how MJ reduces by almost *half*,
<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>both the incentives and possibilities successfully to vote *strategically* (2010
<i>Majority Judgment</i>, MIT, p</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">p. 14, 15, 19, 187-198, 374)</span><span style="font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#323130;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#323130;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in"><br>
R:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>3. Majority rule, which is strictly defined only for binary decisions.? This leads to Condorcet: If more voters mark their ballots preferring Candidate A over Candidate B than the number of voters marking their ballots
to the contrary, then Candidate B is not elected.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#323130;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">S: Please note that MJ offers *majority rule*
in the context of single-winners by avoiding such *binary decisions*.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#323130;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">R: 4. Election integrity.? This means paper
ballots (and, I presume, optical scan ballot box).? The physical instrument that the voter marks must have the candidate names on it, so there is no "registration" or alignment problem where the voter thinks they're voting for "A", but somehow "B" gets marked.?
Another thing this means is simple straightforward rules for tallying votes and<br>
deciding the winner.? Another would be precinct-summability.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#323130;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">S:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>MJ fully satisfies all the above conditions.<br>
<br>
R: That pretty much leaves me with ranked-choice ballots where ties on the ballot are allowed.? Enough ranking levels that every candidate on the ballot can be ranked (so no one is<br>
"disenfranchised").?</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#323130;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">S: No, MJ achieves this more completely, meaningfully,
and without wasting any of the votes that are always possible when using any Condorcet method*.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#323130;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">[….]</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#323130;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">S:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>I look forward to our next dialogue.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:12.0pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#323130;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">Steve</span></p>
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