<div dir="ltr"><div>[Not subscribed, CC me on replies]</div><div><br></div>Jonathan Lundell proposed a rule for tiebreaking in STV:<div><br></div><div><a href="http://www.votingmatters.org.uk/ISSUE22/I22P1.pdf">http://www.votingmatters.org.uk/ISSUE22/I22P1.pdf</a> </div><div><br></div><div>
1. Find the first mention of any member of the tied
set of candidates on each ballot, and calculate
the total such mentions for each of the candidates, using the transferable weight of each ballot. Ignore ballots that do not mention at least
one tied candidate.</div><div><br></div><div>2. If all n candidates are still tied, exclude one tied
candidate at random; finis.</div><div><br></div><div>3. Otherwise, remove from consideration for exclusion the candidate (or a random choice from
the tied set of candidates) with the highest
score from step 1.</div><div><br></div><div>4. If only one candidate remains, exclude that
candidate; finis.</div><div><br></div><div>5. Otherwise, n is now the remaining number of
tied candidates (that is, less the reprieved candidates from step 3); continue at step 1.</div><div><br></div><div>Basically, when you're trying to exclude candidates in STV and you have multiple with the same last-place vote count, use the transfer weights of each ballot to perform instant runoff voting between these candidates and eliminate the winner from consideration; repeat until you have one candidate left. Eliminate THAT candidate from your STV election.</div><div><br></div><div>Lundell cites exclusion of a random candidate in the event of a tie in this algorithm. I propose using the Last Difference method, by Lundell's own arguments, and only falling back to random exclusion if that fails.</div><div><br></div><div>Lundell's argument for his proposed method is that prior-round tiebreaking encourages insincerity, and that Last Difference is superior to First Difference by O'Neill's arguments, therefor current-round information is even better.</div><div><br></div><div>I observe that Lundell's tiebreaker will run first, and so will dominate over the fallback. If strategically targeting Last Difference sacrifices Lundell's runoff method, then it will cause losses, and so the strategy is unviable; yet Last Difference, when it produces a break, is better than a random tiebreaker. The final fallback would be random.</div><div><br></div><div>Last Difference is equivalent to First Difference if the immediate prior round was the first difference.</div><div><br></div><div>Thoughts?</div><div><br></div><div>—John</div></div>