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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Re: Best Single- Winner Method</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
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padding:0in">Sennet Williams,<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>Forest Simmons, Robert Bristow-Johnson, Abd dul Raman Lomax, and </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
color:#323130">Chris Benham have recently addressed each others’ claims about IRV, 3-slot
Methods, IBIFA, and Asset.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>This discussion prompts me to request some help later after I have clarified several issues.</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#323130">Firstly, please correct me if I am mistaken but currently I am assuming that
<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>we all would ideally want the Best Single-Winner Method:</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p>
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">
<ol style="margin-bottom: 0in">
<li><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#323130">To be simple enough so voters
<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>can both use it and understand how it is counted;</span></li><li><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#323130">To minimize the wasting of citizens’ votes (see below),<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>and</span></li><li><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#323130">To guarantee that the winner among 3 or more candidates is the candidate most supported by at least 50% plus one (an absolute majority) of all the
citizens voting, and</span></li><li><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#323130">To offer as few incentives and possibilities for voting tactical.</span><span style="font-family:
""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#323130;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:
none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">
</span><a></a></li></ol>
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<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-bottom:19.5pt; line-height:normal; background:white">
<span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk536824540"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">Given these desires, currently I see Majority Judgment (MJ) as superior to all of the above methods on each of these
counts.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>However, since the above discussions have not mentioned MJ, I assume that many contributors would reject this claim for MJ.
<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>This is why I would very much appreciate receiving any of your clarifications or explanations of how my claim for MJ cannot be sustained.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>What important flaws to you see in MJ?</span></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-bottom:19.5pt; line-height:normal; background:white">
<span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk536824540"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">To help you to marshal your criticisms of MJ, please let me explain more full my own understandings and reasons for
favoring MJ.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Firstly, I<a> see a citizen’s vote as being wasted
<i>quantitatively</i> to the degree that it fails equally to help one of their most trusted candidates to win. A citizen’s vote is wasted
<i>qualitatively</i> to the degree that it instead helps to elect a candidate whom they judge less
<i>fit</i> for office, rather than an available candidate judged to be more fit.</a></span></span></p>
<span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk8778434"></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk536824540"></span>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:19.5pt;
line-height:normal;background:white">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">Other than in MJ, such waste is present in all the existing methods, whether they ask voters to rank, score, or approve as many of the candidates as they might
wish.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Of course, most dramatic is the waste provided by plurality or First-Past-The-Post voting.
</span></p>
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line-height:normal;background:white">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">To counter qualitative waste, Balinski and Laraki (<i>Majority Judgment,
</i>2010 MIT) argue that our capacity for judging qualities of human behavior can be most meaningfully expressed in an election by each voter grading each candidate’s suitability for office as either Excellent (<i>ideal</i>), Very Good, Good, Acceptable, Poor,
or “Reject” (<i>entirely unsuitable</i>).<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>
These grades are more discerning, meaningful, and informative than merely expressing preferences or using numeric
<a style="mso-comment-reference:MOU_1;mso-comment-date:20180924T1043">scores</a></span><span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"><a href="#_msocom_1">[MOU1]</a><span style="mso-special-character:
comment"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">,
X’s or ticks.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Such grading makes it more likely that the highest quality candidate will be elected in the eyes of the electorate.
</span></p>
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line-height:normal;background:white">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">Each candidate who is not explicitly graded is counted as ”Reject” by that voter. As a result, all the candidates will receiv the same number of evaluations,
but a different set of grades from the voters.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>
The Majority Judgment (MJ) winner is the one who has received grades from an absolute majority of all the voters that are equal to, or higher than, the highest
<i>median-grade</i> given to any candidate. This median-grade is found as follows:</span></p>
<ul style="margin-bottom: 0in">
<li><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial">Place all the grades, high to low, top to bottom, in side-by-side columns, the name of each candidate at the top of each of these columns.</span></li><li><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial">The median-grade for each candidate is the grade located half way down each column, i.e. in the middle if there is an odd number of voters, the lower middle
if the number is even.</span></li></ul>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">
<div><br>
</div>
</span>
<div><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">If more than one candidate has the same highest median-grade, the MJ winner is discovered by removing (one-by-one) any grades equal in value to the current
highest median grade from each tied candidate’s total until only one of the previously tied candidates currently has the highest remaining median-grade.</span><br>
</div>
<div><br>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">Also, in contrast to the alternatives, Balinski
<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>explains how MJ reduces by almost half, both the incentives and opportunities for effective tactical voting.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>Thus, each voter has every appropriate incentive, not only to vote but to reveal their honest evaluations of each candidate.</span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">Thus, to me, using MJ should be simpler and more satisfying because grading many candidates is both easier and more meaningful than ranking or scoring them.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>Also, finding and comparing the median-grades of all the candidate is quite simple.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>Unlike MJ, IRV, Condorcet methods, and Scoring do not guarantee the election of the candidate most preferred by at least 50% plus one of all the citizens voting.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>Unlike IRV but like Condorcet methods and Score, MJ does not eliminate any candidate until the winner is discovered.</span></div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Finally, I would favor the following Asset option to be added at the bottom of each MJ ballot: Any citizen who currently feels that they do not yet know enough about any of the candidates to grade them, can instead give their proxy vote to the Register
Elector who will do this for them. They could do this by WRITING-IN the published code of that Registered Elector.<br>
<br>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">I look forward to your comments.</span></div>
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">
<div><br>
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<div><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">Steve<br>
</span></div>
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<div><span style="mso-comment-author:
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<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 10pt">
<span><span style="font-size:
8.0pt"><span style="mso-special-character:comment"> <a href="#_msoanchor_1">[MOU1]</a></span></span></span>Numerical scores</p>
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