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<span>Hi Toby,</span></div>
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<span>Strictly speaking, it is only possible for the relevant median-grade to be Reject. At the same time, Reject is less likely to be the initial median result with MJ as compared with Approval. Firstly this is because MJ offers 4 levels of approval (Excellent,
Very Good, Good, and Acceptable) while <span style="display: inline !important; font-family: Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: 100%">
Approval offers only one</span>. This allows MJ to provide more relevant information for the count and makes it slightly less likely that MPs will vote tactically. Finally, this relevant additional information also has the advantage of allowing MJ to discover
the one winner out any number of potential winners -- because initially they all have the same median-grade
<span style="display: inline !important; font-family: Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: 100%">
(e.g. Reject):</span> One by one, one grade equal in value to the currently shared median-grade is removed from the current total held by each tied option. This continues until only one of the previously tied options has the highest median-grade. This winner</span><span>
at least has a plurality of votes higher than or equal to the current highest median-grade.</span></div>
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<span>What do you think?</span></div>
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<span>Steve </span></div>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font color="#000000" face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> Toby Pereira <tdp201b@yahoo.co.uk><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, April 2, 2019 7:25 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> stevebosworth@hotmail.com<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [EM] Comprehensive, Simple, and Informative Indicative Voting Method:: MJ is best</font>
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<div id="x_ymail_android_signature">All options were rejected by a majority of MPs so the median grade for all options is likely to be one of the reject grades. That's all really!</div>
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<div>On Tue, 2 Apr 2019 at 3:25, steve bosworth</div>
<div><stevebosworth@hotmail.com> wrote:</div>
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Hi Toby,</div>
<div style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:14pt">
Why do you characterize as "slightly-less-awful" the only option that has received an absolute majority of the grades that are higher than, or equal to, the highest median-grade received by any of the options? Perhaps you mean that any variety of BREXIT is
awful. We'd agree about that.</div>
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In any case, like MJ, would your preferred method also guarantee the finding of an option with such majority support? Would your preferred method prompt voters to vote with as much meaning and discernment? Does it offer less scope for tactical voting? Given
that each grade given by every MP in Parliament would help to determine the MJ winner, would not this discover the option most likely to receive the continued support of a majority in parliament?</div>
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I look forward to your clarifications.</div>
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<div id="x_yiv9381095992divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font color="#000000" face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> Toby Pereira <tdp201b@yahoo.co.uk><br clear="none">
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, April 1, 2019 10:04 PM<br clear="none">
<b>To:</b> steve bosworth; EM list<br clear="none">
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [EM] Comprehensive, Simple, and Informative Indicative Voting Method:: MJ is best</font>
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<div id="x_yiv9381095992x_yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1554155939131_3130" dir="ltr"><span id="x_yiv9381095992x_yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1554155939131_3227">I don't think it's a terrible idea. However, I'm not sure it's necessarily to move beyond the simplicity of approval voting
in this particular situation. And that's partly because tonight (for the second time) none of the options received a majority of approvals. </span><a id="x_yiv9381095992x_yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1554155939131_3228" href="https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-47781009&data=02%7C01%7C%7C5a4c56501e9d4309d02108d6b73c687e%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C636897867405254141&sdata=K3PSlKNcUqkzkhSyOM2SfTe%2Ba9E1b6u6X32FqxsxlJA%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" shape="rect" shash="xipDq+miBGXZbDevGAL/GwkyJ4ApRv+to9gunYF/EMqbuFdro1fxK+SxBgHnsA4gMlCyjxTszHrvlniHoWA7vCx5LagiCcLrgukJH1r94dqJe8qP7mcuSyT+14eRZ2Uwoo1hQZDZhpbgQRTWTdilQ3F3fBUqg4q+OVPqylwUc+Q=" originalsrc="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-47781009">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-47781009</a> And
I don't think parliament would be happy using an option because it received the median rating slightly-less-awful rather than just plain-awful. If it was to be expected that several options would get over 50% approvals then MJ might be quite a useful tool
to distinguish between them, but at the moment a bigger concern is to simply get one thing that the majority of parliament is behind.</div>
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<div id="x_yiv9381095992x_yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1554155939131_3130" dir="ltr">Toby</div>
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<b><span style="font-weight:bold">From:</span></b> steve bosworth <stevebosworth@hotmail.com><br clear="none">
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">To:</span></b> EM list <election-methods@electorama.com>
<br clear="none">
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Sent:</span></b> Monday, 1 April 2019, 21:08<br clear="none">
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Subject:</span></b> [EM] Comprehensive, Simple, and Informative Indicative Voting Method:: MJ is best<br clear="none">
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<span id="x_yiv9381095992x_yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1554155939131_3110"></span>
<div id="x_yiv9381095992x_yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1554155939131_3109" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt; line-height:107%; font-family:sans-serif; font-size:11pt; margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal; background:white">
<b><span style="font-family:serif; color:black">Originally, Gervase Lam suggested that
</span></b><span id="x_yiv9381095992x_yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1554155939131_3108" style="font-family:serif; color:#333333; border:none windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in">Approval style voting could be used in Brexit Vote in Parliament.<span style="">
</span>My response was to suggest instead that </span><b id="x_yiv9381095992x_yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1554155939131_3125"><span id="x_yiv9381095992x_yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1554155939131_3124" style="font-family:serif; color:black">Majority Judgment (MJ) provides the most
Comprehensive, Simple, and Informative Indicative Voting Method.</span></b><span style="font-family:serif; color:black"> Please see below a more detailed explanation of how MJ works.</span></div>
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<span id="x_yiv9381095992x_yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1554155939131_3114" style="font-family:serif; color:black">I'm surprised that no-one has addressed my exact suggestion that Majority Judgment (MJ) would seem to provide a superior method.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family:serif; color:black"> </span></div>
<div id="x_yiv9381095992x_yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1554155939131_3118" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt; line-height:107%; font-family:sans-serif; font-size:11pt; line-height:normal; background:white">
<span id="x_yiv9381095992x_yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1554155939131_3117" style="font-family:serif; color:black">Instead, SCORE voting, using 0—100 was suggested by William.<span style="">
</span>This suggestion does not take into account that most people cannot distinguish between more than about 7 levels of desired human behavior.</span><span id="x_yiv9381095992x_yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1554155939131_3435" style="font-size:12.0pt"> Balinski & Laraki
discuss this (pp.171, 169, 283, 306, 310, & 389) with regard to G.A. Miller’s 1956 article: The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information.
<i>Psychological Review </i>63: 89-97.<span style=""> </span>This is why MJ’s use of only 6 grades from Excellent to Reject are more meaningful and discerning.<span style="">
</span>Also, these grades are more meaningful than numbers 1—6.<span style=""> </span>
At the same time, unlike MJ, APPROVAL and SCORE would not guarantee the discovery of a BREXIT option that is supported by an absolute majority of all the voters' highest grades.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt">Please give any of your criticisms of MJ in this regard.</span></div>
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<b><span style="color:black">From:</span></b><span style="color:black"> steve bosworth <stevebosworth@hotmail.com><br clear="none">
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, March 26, 2019 6:24 AM<br clear="none">
<b>To:</b> election-methods@lists.electorama.com<br clear="none">
<b>Subject:</b> Comprehensive, simplist, and most informative Indicative Voting</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:serif; color:#333333">
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:serif; color:#333333"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:New serif; color:#001000">Yes, Approval would work, but unlike Majority Judgment (Balinski & Laraki,
<i>Majority Judgment</i></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:serif; color:#333333; border:none windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in"> (2010, MIT)</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:New serif; color:#001000"> Approval does not guarantee finding
the option most supported by an absolute majority, nor would it inform us how highly all the MPs grade each of the options.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; color:black"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:serif; color:#333333; border:none windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in">Majority Judgment would allow the Commons to decide on one of the many options by an absolute majority as a result of counting one ballot from
each of the MPs. Each MP is simply asked to “grade” as many of the options listed as either Excellent (ideal), Very Good, Good, Acceptable, Poor, or “Reject”.
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:serif; color:#333333; border:none windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in">Each option not explicitly graded is counted as “Reject” by that voter. The same grade can be given to more than one choice.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; color:black"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:serif; color:#333333; border:none windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in">As a result, all the options will have received the same number of grades, but a different set. The winner is the choice that has received an absolute
majority of grades that are equal to, or higher than, the highest <i>median-grade</i> given to any of the choices.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:serif; color:black"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:serif; color:#333333; border:none windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in">The median-grade of each option is found as follows:</span><span style="font-family:serif; color:#333333; border:none windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Wingdings; color:#333333; border:none windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in">§</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt; font-family:serif; color:#333333; border:none windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in">
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:serif; color:#333333; border:none windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in">Place all the grades, high to low, top to bottom, in side-by-side columns, the name of each option at the top of each of these columns.</span><span style="font-family:serif; color:#333333; border:none windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in"></span></div>
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</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:serif; color:#333333; border:none windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in">The median-grade for each option is the grade located half way down each column (i.e. in the middle if there is an odd number of voters, the lower
middle if the number is even).</span><span style="font-family:serif; color:#333333; border:none windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:serif; color:#333333; border:none windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in">If more than one option has the same highest median-grade, the MJ winner is discovered by removing (one-by-one) any grades equal in value to this grade
from each tied option’s total until only one is currently found to retain the highest remaining median-grade.</span><span style="font-family:serif; color:#333333; border:none windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:serif; color:#333333; border:none windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in">Also in contrast to ranking the options, the above Majority Judgment method does not eliminate any option before the Absolute Majority winner is discovered.
Therefore, only Majority Judgment would guarantee that a majority winner would be found.<br clear="none" style="">
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:serif; color:#333333; border:none windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in">What do you think?</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:serif; color:black"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:serif; color:#333333; border:none windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0in">Steve</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:serif; color:black"></span></div>
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