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<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:
normal; background:white">
<b><span style="font-family:
""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;color:black">Originally, Gervase Lam suggested that
</span></b><span style="font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">Approval style voting could be used
in Brexit Vote in Parliament.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>My response was to suggest instead that
</span><b><span style="font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black">Majority Judgment (MJ) provides the most Comprehensive, Simple, and Informative Indicative Voting Method.</span></b><span style="font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black">
Please see below a more detailed explanation of how MJ works.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:
normal; background:white">
<span style="font-family:""",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black"></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:
normal; background:white">
<span style="font-family:""",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black">I'm surprised that no-one has addressed my exact suggestion that Majority Judgment (MJ) would seem to provide a superior method.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:
normal; background:white">
<span style="font-family:""",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black"> </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:normal;background:white">
<span style="font-family:""",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black">Instead, SCORE voting, using 0—100 was suggested by William.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>This suggestion does not take into account that most people cannot distinguish between more than about 7 levels of desired human behavior.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial"> Balinski
& Laraki discuss this (pp.171, 169, 283, 306, 310, & 389) with regard to G.A. Miller’s 1956 article: The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information.
<i>Psychological Review </i>63: 89-97.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>This is why MJ’s use of only 6 grades from Excellent to Reject are more meaningful and discerning.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>Also, these grades are more meaningful than numbers 1—6.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>At the same time, unlike MJ, APPROVAL and SCORE would not guarantee the discovery of a BREXIT option that is supported by an absolute majority of all the voters' highest grades.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:normal;background:white">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">Please give any of your criticisms of MJ in this regard.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:
normal">
<b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black">From:</span></b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black">
steve bosworth <stevebosworth@hotmail.com><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, March 26, 2019 6:24 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> election-methods@lists.electorama.com<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Comprehensive, simplist, and most informative Indicative Voting</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333">
</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:
normal">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:""",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:#333333"> </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:
normal">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#001000">Yes, Approval would work, but unlike Majority Judgment (Balinski & Laraki,
<i>Majority Judgment</i></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">
(2010, MIT)</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#001000"> Approval does not guarantee finding the option most supported by an absolute majority, nor would it inform us how
highly all the MPs grade each of the options.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black"></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:
normal">
<span lang="EN" style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in;mso-ansi-language:EN">Majority
Judgment would allow the Commons to decide on one of the many options by an absolute majority as a result of counting one ballot from each of the MPs. Each MP is simply asked to “grade” as many of the options listed as either Excellent (ideal), Very Good,
Good, Acceptable, Poor, or “Reject”. </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">Each
option not explicitly graded is counted as “Reject” by that voter. The same grade can be given to more than one choice.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:
Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black"></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:
normal">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:""",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;
padding:0in">As a result, all the options will have
received the same number of grades, but a different set. The winner is the choice that has received an absolute majority of grades that are equal to, or higher than, the highest
<i>median-grade</i> given to any of the choices.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;color:black"></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:
normal; background:white">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">The median-grade of each option is found
as follows:</span><span style="font-family:""",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;
padding:0in"></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:30.35pt; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-indent:-.25in; line-height:normal; background:white">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;
padding:0in">§</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:""",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;
padding:0in">
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:""",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;
padding:0in">Place all the grades, high to
low, top to bottom, in side-by-side columns, the name of each option at the top of each of these columns.</span><span style="font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in"></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-top:0in; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:30.35pt; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-indent:-.25in; line-height:normal; background:white">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;
padding:0in">§</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:""",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;
padding:0in">
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:""",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;
padding:0in">The median-grade for each option
is the grade located half way down each column (i.e. in the middle if there is an odd number of voters, the lower middle if the number is even).</span><span style="font-family:""",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;
padding:0in"></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:
normal; background:white">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">If more than one option has the same
highest median-grade, the MJ winner is discovered by removing (one-by-one) any grades equal in value to this grade from each tied option’s total until only one is currently found to retain the highest remaining median-grade.</span><span style="font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in"></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:
normal">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:""",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;
padding:0in">Also in contrast to ranking the options,
the above Majority Judgment method does not eliminate any option before the Absolute Majority winner is discovered. Therefore, only Majority Judgment would guarantee that a majority winner would be found.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break">
<br style="mso-special-character:line-break">
</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black"></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:
normal">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:""",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;
padding:0in">What do you think?</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;color:black"></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:
normal; background:white">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in">Steve</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:""",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black"></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:
normal">
<span style="font-family:""",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:#333333;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;
padding:0in"><br>
________________________________________<br>
<br>
1. </span></p>
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