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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">Law
of electoral entropy.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold""> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">“The
problem that has confronted modern democracy since its
beginning has not really
been the representation of organised minorities – they are
very well able to
look after themselves – but <i
style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">the
protection of the unorganised masses of busily occupied,
fairly intelligent men
from the tricks of the specialists who work the party
machines</i>.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">HG
Wells, 1918: In The Fourth Year.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">Quoted
by George Hallett with Clarence Hoag: Proportional
Representation. The key to
democracy. (1937 ed.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold""> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">The
law of electoral entropy proposes that the organised few (as
in parties)
forestall the organisation of the many (as in government) by
disorganising the
electoral system. --------------------</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold""> </span><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">An
organised electoral system was invented in its essentials by
the mathematician
and statesman Carl Andrae, in the mid nineteenth century, and
soon after by
Thomas Hare. -----------------</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold""> </span><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">What
Thomas Hare called "the Single Transferable Vote" is
essentially a
statement of general choice. The particular choice, the least
choice is a
single preference for a single majority. STV offers a multiple
preference for a
multiple majority. ------------- </span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">In
other words, with an X-vote, there is just one order of
preference. A ranked
choice gives many orders of preference. STV is consistent in
the way it
generalises the count, as well as the vote. From only one
majority, in a
plurality count, STV allows many majorities. The more seats,
the more
majorities, over one ever-shrinking minority of wasted votes.
Even an STV two-member
constituency gives two majorities of one-third the votes each,
over a residual
minority of less than one-third the
voters.----------------------- </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">The
logic for STV is what sets it apart from other systems.</span><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold""> As
becomes a general theory of choice, STV has far greater
explanatory power, of
much more decisive information value, than any other voting
method: the STV
election, in sufficiently large constituencies, for the
proportional count to
discern it, mirrors social diversity, as do not other systems.
--------------------------</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">Clarence
Hoag and George Hallett record that, in the at-large municipal
STV elections in
American cities. They also observed STV elections in-built
primaries, for the
most prefered candidates in any given party. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">And
government formation power is practical, by a transferable
vote across party
lines, for coalition preference. This superior information
value of STV is the
characteristic of an organised system. ------------------</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold""> </span><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">STV
was meant to give (Proportional) Representation of the People.
JS Mill hailed
it as the saving of electoral democracy. <br>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">However,
the law of electoral entropy intervened. Its first and most
decisive degrading
or disorganising, of the Andrae and Hare system, was to
neglect the preference
vote from most proportional elections, leaving a mere X vote,
or one-preference
vote to count only for the organised few, the parties, rather
than the many, or
all the people.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">----------------------</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">By
a century ago, during the First World War, HG Wells was
already having to avoid
misunderstanding, by defining the organised voting system, as
opposed to its
relentless disorganising by the meanest interests.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">The
HG Wells formula is proportional representation by the single
transferable vote
in large constituencies. -------------</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">For,
confining the vote to one preference, an X vote, no longer
freely transferable
in a proportional count, and confining the choice of
candidates, to the
relatively few, standing for one or few seats per
constituency, are two of the
most effective ways of disorganising, or decreasing the
information value of an
election by the general public.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">-------------------------------</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">Entropy
roughly means the natural tendency to disorder. The basic law
of entropy is the
second law of thermodynamics, popularly known as the running
down of the
universe. Or to borrow a phrase from the Irish poet, William
Butler Yeats:
“Things fall apart.” --------------------</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold""> </span><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">In
a whole system, entropy cannot be reversed. But damaging
tendencies to
disorder, in any specific area, can be countered by applying
beneficent
organising power. Thus, the relentless tendency of the
organised few, to defeat
the electoral organising of the many, can be reversed, by
promoting a general
awareness of the organised electoral system, which Australians
call the
quota-preferential method or STV, and organising to promote
it.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>------------</span>
</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Rounded MT
Bold"">Richard
Lung.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>“Democracy
Science.”</span></p>
</p>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Richard Lung.
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.voting.ukscientists.com">http://www.voting.ukscientists.com</a>
Democracy Science series 3 free e-books in pdf:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://plus.google.com/106191200795605365085">https://plus.google.com/106191200795605365085</a>
E-books in epub format:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.smashwords.com/profile/view/democracyscience">https://www.smashwords.com/profile/view/democracyscience</a>
</pre>
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