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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><font face="Calibri">From:</font></span></b><font face="Calibri"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">
Election-Methods <election-methods-bounces@lists.electorama.com> on behalf of election-methods-request@lists.electorama.com <election-methods-request@lists.electorama.com><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, July 27, 2017 7:04 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> election-methods@lists.electorama.com<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Election-Methods Digest, Vol 157, Issue 30</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">
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<font face="Calibri">Re: [EM] GOLD voting: the most practical PR proposal? "pride" and turnout<br>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Wed, 26 Jul 2017 12:23:27 -0700<br>
From: Jameson Quinn <jameson.quinn@gmail.com><br>
To: electionsciencefoundation <electionscience@googlegroups.com>, EM<br>
<election-methods@lists.electorama.com>, Mark Frohnmayer<br>
<mark.frohnmayer@gmail.com>, Board of Directors <board@electology.org><br>
Subject: [EM] Messaging for voting activism: "pride" and turnout<br>
Re: [EM] GOLD voting: the most practical PR proposal?<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;">
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;">
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<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><font face="Calibri">++++++++++++++++++++++++++=</font></span></p>
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<p style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><font face="Calibri">More “Pride” Voting with EAPR than GOLD</font></span></p>
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<p style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span></p>
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<p style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><font face="Calibri">To: Jameson and everyone</font></span></p>
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<p style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><font face="Calibri">From:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Steve</font></span></p>
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<p style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><font face="Calibri">Thank you
</font></span><a href="https://medium.com/@jameson.quinn?source=post_header_lockup"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration: none; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-underline: none;"><font face="Calibri">Jameson
Quinn</font></span></a><font face="Calibri"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> for your article (<b><span style="mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Make America
(Proud to) Vote (Again?), #MAVA, 27 July 2017 </span></b>).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It expresses our common values very well.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Yes, ‘pride in democracy …. should be America’s legacy to all its citizens’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Yes, GOLD would greatly improve our existing arrangements ‘for electing the House of Representatives and/or state legislatures’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Also, </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">thank you for being ‘interested in having as broad a dialogue as possible about practical
PR reform proposals’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Consequently,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> in response to an initial suggestion
from Kristofer Munsterhjelm, I would now like to suggest that Evaluative Associational Proportional Representation (EAPR) would be even more efficient than GOLD in supporting these values.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">EAPR seems entirely to accord with your preferences for ‘greater diversity
of views in Parliament’, ‘MPs [being] more accountable to their constituents’, and ‘constituents [not needing to] … be defined by geographic area’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>However, EAPR may also conflict with some peoples’ fear of ‘too many small parties’.</span></font></p>
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<p style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span></p>
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<p style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><font face="Calibri">In the following lists of
your phrases and my responses to them, I briefly suggest how I see GOLD & EAPR agreeing and disagreeing with each other at different points. However, after these lists, I offer a step by step description of how EAPR would work.</font></span></p>
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<p style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><font face="Calibri">I wonder if you will also see that
EAPR would more completely and simply than GOLD, offer ‘Geographic Open List/Delegation’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Also, EARP has other advantages over GOLD:</font></span></p>
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<ol style="list-style-type: decimal; direction: ltr;">
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<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1;">
<span style="line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">It asks citizens to ‘grade’ rather than to rank candidates.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Giving a candidate a rating of EXCELLENT, VERY GOOD, GOOD, ACCEPTABLE, POOR, or REJECT is both easier for voters to do and much more informative when electing representatives.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Grading prompts citizens to think about what qualities make a candidate ‘fit’ for the office.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Grades are more ‘discerning’ and ‘meaningful’ than numbers.</span></p>
</li><li style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1;">
<span style="line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Unlike GOLD, EAPR does not eliminate any candidate until all the winners have been discovered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">EAPR does this by using the above mentioned Majority Judgment (MJ) type “grading” of
candidates.</span></p>
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<p style="background: rgb(244, 244, 244); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: normal; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0pt; vertical-align: middle; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">EAPR more efficiently than GOLD removes the anti-democratic consequences of ‘gerrymandering’ and ‘safe-seats’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This results from all</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">EAPR’s citizen’s evaluations of applicant organizations during its special ‘primary election’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This primary determines all the electoral districts and non-geographically defined electoral ‘associations’ through which all the members of the legislature would be elected.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
</li><li style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
<p style="background: rgb(244, 244, 244); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: normal; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0pt; vertical-align: middle; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">The ‘associations’ discovered by EAPR’s primary are</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">
likely to offer more attractive candidates to grade in the later general election.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This reduces the chances that votes will be wasted qualitatively (see below).
</span></p>
</li><li style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
<p style="background: white; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: normal; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0pt; vertical-align: middle; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Unlike GOLD’s wasting your estimated 10% of the votes, 100% of the EAPR voters can guarantee
that their vote will continue fully to count in their legislature’s deliberation through the ‘weighted vote’ of the one member whom they have helped to elect.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Thus, no citizen’s vote need be wasted quantitatively.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Consequently,
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">what GOLD calls a ‘supermajority of votes’ would instead continue proportionately to strength the voting power
in the legislature of each relevant member.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">
</span></p>
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<p style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><font face="Calibri">EAPR would also be more
efficient at removing</font></span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">the ‘risk [of] causing a spoiled election’;</span></p>
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<p style="background: white; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: normal; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">‘zero-sum thinking’;</span></p>
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<p style="background: white; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: normal; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">the ‘penchant for mudslinging;</span></p>
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<p style="background: white; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: normal; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">the arbitrary features and needless complications of GOLD, e.g. sometimes having a) to ‘split’ votes or to ‘transfer
votes’ fractionally, b) to ‘<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">assign additional territory to winners</span>’; c) also:
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘But in some cases this could leave more or less than 2 in a district; more, if a 3rd-place candidate locally got
<u>exceptionally many</u> votes from out of the district while still having <u>decent support</u> locally, or if the top 2 in the district have less than 50% of the vote combined; and fewer, if the second-place candidate in a district has fewer than half of
the local votes of the first-place’.</span></p>
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<p style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><font face="Calibri">EAPR would also do more
to help</font></span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">each citizen to have ’a chance to vote for somebody from across the state who really speaks’ to them;</span></p>
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<p style="background: white; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: normal; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘new ideas getting a fair hearing’;</span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">to provide the ‘geographic spread’ as explicitly requested by voters in EAPR’s primary election;</span></p>
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<p style="background: white; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: normal; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">‘increase turnout’;</span></p>
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<p style="background: white; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: normal; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">give the ‘freedom for better candidates to run without spoiling the election, and with a viable path for new parties
to grow (and thus also for voters to hold existing parties accountable and make them less complacent’; and</span></p>
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<p style="background: white; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: normal; font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">‘The upshot is that the winners will have several good characteristics that voters can be proud of.’</span></p>
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<p style="background: white; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><font face="Calibri">EAPR
EXPLAINED</font></span></b></p>
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<p style="background: rgb(244, 244, 244); margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: normal; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><font face="Calibri">Well before the general election, EAPR’s ‘primary election’ would
help to provide EAPR’s benefits. Using the election of California’s Legislative Assembly as an example, EAPR’s special primary election would ask citizens to use their ‘evaluations’ rather than their ‘preferences’ to help society discover the group of applicant
organizations statewide (e.g. political parties, interest groups, electoral districts, etc.) who are most likely to run attractive candidates in the later general election. These organizations would become the ‘associations’ through which all voters would
elect the 80 Members of the Assembly later.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>
Each citizen would be asked to give one of the above ‘grades’ from EXCELLENT to REJECTED to as many of the applicant organizations as they might wish. Any such organization not evaluated explicitly by a voter would be counted as REJECTED by that voter.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this way, each citizen would record the extent to which they see each applicant organization as likely to offer a list of attractive candidate for any Californian to “grade” in the later general election.</font></span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><font face="Calibri">Each organization that receives at least 1/80 of all the registered
voters in the state as giving it their highest available evaluations would become an ‘association’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>At the same time, each citizen whose evaluation had helped that ‘association’ to be so recognized would become a registered voter through that association during the later general election at the polling station nearest their residence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If none of the organizations given a ‘grade’ of Acceptable or above by a citizen becomes an ‘association’ in this way, that citizen would instead automatically become a registered voter through the geographically defined ‘association’ in which they reside
(i.e. their local electoral district).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>
The same would be true for any registered voter who did not participate in the primary.</font></span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span></p>
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<p style="background: rgb(244, 244, 244); margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: normal; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><font face="Calibri">Again, these EAPR “associations” would be composed of all the most
valued organizations that had received at least the above threshold (1/80) of the registered voters in California) giving them their highest available evaluations. The primary’s discovery of these associations would start by counting only the number of Excellents
received by each applicant organization.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>
If a voter has given more than one organization the same relevant evaluation, her evaluation will be added only to the organization whose total of evaluations would consequently be greater than the other organization(s) so graded at that stage of the count.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Any organization receiving the largest number of Excellents at or above the threshold number would be the first association to be discovered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Again, each citizen who had evaluated this organization as Excellent would become a registered voter through this association during the later general election but still voting at their local polling station.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The total number of evaluations received by each association would help to determine the number of Members which must be elected later in the general election to represent it in the Assembly, e.g. an association receiving 1/80 would elect at least one
Member, an association receiving 2/80 would elect at least two.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>See the Endnote for more details. </font></span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span></p>
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<p style="background: rgb(244, 244, 244); margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: normal; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><font face="Calibri">For the discovery of each succeeding association, one by one, all
the remaining evaluations given to all the remaining applicant organizations by each citizen who had already become a registered voter through one of the previously discovered associations would not be used to help discover any other association.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This guarantees that each citizen’s one vote in the primary will count only once, i.e. for the association in which they become a registered voter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Consequently, the second association to be discovered would be the one, if any, which had received the next highest number of Excellents at or above the threshold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Similarly, any other organizations who had received at least the threshold of the remaining Excellents would also be one of this first group of associations to be discovered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The second group of associations to be discovered would be composed of all those remaining organizations that had received at least the threshold but only by also adding all the remaining Very Goods they had received.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Similarly, the third group would be composed of all the other organizations that had received at least the threshold but only by also adding all the remaining Goods they had received.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Again similarly, the fourth group would be composed of all the other organizations that had received at least the threshold but only by also adding all the remaining Acceptables they had received.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></font></span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span></p>
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<p style="background: rgb(244, 244, 244); margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: normal; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><font face="Calibri">Any citizens who had not yet become a registered voter for the general
election through one of these associations as a result of the above counts would now be added to one of these if they had given it at least an evaluation of Acceptable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>However, if none of their evaluations would allow them to become a registered voter in this way, they would instead automatically become a registered voter through their local electoral district (the geographically defined ‘association’ in which they
reside).</font></span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span></p>
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<p style="background: rgb(244, 244, 244); margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: normal; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><font face="Calibri">During the later general election of the Members of the Assembly,
each citizen would be asked to evaluate as many of the candidates in the state as they might wish, i.e. giving each, one of the above ‘grades’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Any candidate not marked by a voter would be counted as Rejected by that voter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Similar to the count in EARP’s primary, the first candidate in the state to be elected to the Assembly would be the one, if any, who had received the highest number of Excellents above or at the threshold, i.e. at least 1/80 of all citizens in the state
who have voted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If a voter has given more than one candidate the same relevant evaluation, her evaluation will be added only to the candidate whose total of evaluations would consequently be greater at that stage of
the count than the other candidates she has given the same ‘graded’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Equally, to honor the principle of one-person-one-vote, all the evaluations given to other candidates by voters who have already helped to elect an earlier candidate would play no part in electing any later candidate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>For the same reason, each elected candidate would have a ‘weighted vote’ in the legislature exactly equal to the number of citizens who had helped to elect them.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In this way, it will be seen that each EAPR citizen can guarantee that her one vote will continue fully to count in the deliberations of the Assembly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>To avoid the possibility of any one Member being in a position to dictate to the Assembly, any Member who might have received more than 10% of all the votes in the Assembly, must publically and non-returnably transfer her extra votes to the ‘weighted
votes’’ of one or more of her trusted fellow Members.</font></span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><font face="Calibri">The second candidate to be elected would be the one, if any, who had
received the next highest number of remaining Excellents above or equal to the threshold.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The next candidates to be chosen, one by one, would be the ones, if any, who had received the next highest number of remaining Excellents above or equal to the threshold.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This would compose the first group of candidates to be elected.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The second group of candidates to be chosen, one by one, would be the ones, if any, who had received the highest number of remaining evaluations above or equal to the threshold as a result of also adding all the remaining Very Goods, then Goods (the
third group), and then Acceptables (the fourth group).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>If the total number of winners within these four groups proved to be less than the required 80 (i.e. the exact number to be elected to represent each and all associations as previously determined by EAPR’s primary), the fifth and final group would be
composed of the remaining number of Members required to complete this number, i.e. those most highly evaluated candidates but those who had not received at least the above threshold number of evaluations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Still, each such Member would have only a ‘weighted vote’ in the Assembly exactly equal to the total number of evaluations from citizens used to elect them.</font></span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span></p>
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<p style="background: rgb(244, 244, 244); margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: normal; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><font face="Calibri">Finally, the vote of any citizen whose vote had not yet been counted
toward the ‘weighted vote’ of an elected candidate as a result of any of the above counts would now be added if possible to the ‘weighted vote’ of the Member to whom she had given at least an evaluation of Acceptable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>However, if a citizen’s vote still could not be added in this way to the ‘weighted vote’ of one of the candidates who has already been elected, EAPR’s ballot allows a citizen to require the non-elected candidate to whom she had given her highest evaluation
to transfer her one vote to the ‘weighted vote’ of the Member he believes is the one most qualified for the office.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In this way, each citizen can guarantee that their one vote will continue fully to count within the deliberations of the Assembly – no citizen’s vote need be wasted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This is similar to GOLD in that each candidate must publish an evaluative list of other candidates.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This requires each such most evaluated but eliminated candidate to most accountably transfer his own collected votes to the Member valued most highly on his list.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If a voter had given more than one candidate her highest evaluation, the one that would pass her vote on in this way would be determined by lot.
</font></span></p>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span></p>
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<p style="background: rgb(244, 244, 244); margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: normal; vertical-align: middle;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><font face="Calibri">Again, all the above counts must be interpreted so as to guarantee
the election of the exact number of Members to represent each association in the Assembly as determined by the results of EAPR’s primary.</font></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="Calibri">Consequently, I now see EARP as democratically superior to all other known methods because:</font></span></p>
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<ol style="list-style-type: decimal; direction: ltr;">
<li style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;">It prompts citizens firstly to consider what qualities that are ideally required of the office being sought.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
</li><li style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;">By allowing citizens to express the full range of their evaluations of as many of the candidates as they might wish, this makes the results of EAPR likely to be more discerning and informative than those provided
by any other method, including GOLD (e.g. FPTP, APPROVAL, SCORE (RANGE), Condorcet (e.g. MAXIMIZE AFFIRMED MAJORITIES (MAM)).</span></p>
</li><li style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;">Also, unlike other multi-winner methods, EAPR allows each citizen to guarantee that his or her vote will continue fully to count quantitatively and qualitatively in the deliberations of their elected legislature.</span></p>
</li><li style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition to the above advantages, ‘grading’ candidates being easier than ‘ranking’ them makes it more like that each voter will see EAPR as more user friendly than
the ‘ranking’ methods (e.g. GOLD).</span></p>
</li><li style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;">In particular, unlike GOLD and Single Transferrable Voting (STV), EAPR does not eliminate any candidate before all the winners have been discovered.</span></p>
</li><li style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;">As contrasted to all other methods, EAPR provides fewer incentives and less scope for citizens to vote dishonestly (manipulatively, strategically, tactically, etc.).</span></p>
</li><li style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 8pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;">Finally, EAPR’s ‘associational’ element automatically and entirely removes all of
</span><span style="line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">the anti-democratic features of gerrymandering and of safe-seats.</span></p>
</li></ol>
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<p style="background: rgb(244, 244, 244); margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: normal; vertical-align: middle;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><font face="Calibri">Endnote</font></span></b></p>
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<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="Calibri">When initially discovered, each ‘association’ would immediately know the minimum number of Members it would be allowed to elect, e.g. 2 if it had at least
two 80<sup>ths</sup> of the nation’s registered voters, 3 if at least three 80<sup>ths</sup>, etc.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>However, if together all these associations had not yet been authorized to elect all 80 Members on this basis, the remaining number needed to complete the 80 would be distributed between these associations as follows: One by one, the right to elect an
additional representative would be given sequentially to the association that currently has the “highest remainder’’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A ‘remainder’ here is the number of electors beyond the minimum required to allow an association to elect one, two, three, or x number of representatives, as previously explained.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The second additional representative would be added to the association with the second largest remainder, and so forth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This adding process would continue until the exact number of representatives that each association would elect as its contribution to the 80 had been discovered.</font></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="Calibri">What do you think?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></font></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt 0.25in;"><span style="line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="Calibri">Best Regards,</font></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt 0.25in;"><span style="line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="Calibri">Steve</font></span></p>
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<p style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="line-height: 107%; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span></p>
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<p></p>
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