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    <br>
    <big>Ah yes, the old criticism against cumulative voting (made for
      instance by Enid Lakeman) is relevant here. Cumulative votes count
      against each other. <br>
      I suppose the basic objection is that voters cannot be also their
      own counters, because that is a function of peoples combined
      votes, not of individual voters.<br>
    </big><br>
    <big>BTW I didn't answer your previous question about a formal basis
      for my election method. It is based on work by SS Stevens on the
      scales of measurement, published in "Science" in the 1940s. Long
      ago, when  I was a young man, Unesco gave me a copyright for this.<br>
      Richard Lung.</big><br>
    <br>
    <br>
    On 22/06/2017 21:31, Brian Olson wrote:
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAHKqFyOTW6JFH+dMC-WVCZ5D5jxMO=h+N4-=Am_XD8-fvnQDLA@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">
        <div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:times new
          roman,serif">Compared to a rankings ballot, a ratings ballot
          contains more information about a voter's preference or
          utility for the available choices.</div>
        <div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:times new
          roman,serif">I can say</div>
        <div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:times new
          roman,serif">A > B > C > D</div>
        <div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:times new
          roman,serif">or I can say with more detail</div>
        <div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:times new
          roman,serif">A = 1.0; B = 0.9; C = 0.1; D = 0.0</div>
        <div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:times new
          roman,serif"><br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:times new
          roman,serif">If there is more information available, it is
          possible for an election algorithm to use that information and
          more accurately represent the voters and find the greater
          global utility winner.</div>
        <div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:times new
          roman,serif"><br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:times new
          roman,serif">If we had a specially insightful rational
          bayesian voting populace we might ask them for their
          confidence interval of how sure they are are about each choice
          and get more information still.</div>
        <div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:times new
          roman,serif">A = 1.0 (e=.3); B = 0.9 (e=.1), C = 0.1 (e=0.5),
          D = 0.0 (e=0.1)</div>
        <div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:times new
          roman,serif"><br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:times new
          roman,serif">And then we'd work out an election algorithm to
          maximize the expected value of the global utility over the
          known voter utility distributions.</div>
        <div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:times new
          roman,serif"><br>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
        <div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Jun 22, 2017 at 2:47 PM,
          Richard Lung <span dir="ltr"><<a moz-do-not-send="true"
              href="mailto:voting@ukscientists.com" target="_blank">voting@ukscientists.com</a>></span>
          wrote:<br>
          <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
            .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
            <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"> <br>
              Brian Olson,<br>
              <br>
              Where we differ is that I do not see ranked choice as a
              constraint. Single order choice, the x-vote is the
              constraint on ranked voting as a multiple-order choice. <br>
              The problem with election methods, practical and
              theoretical is that they impose constraints on the voters
              freedom of choice, in one way or another, and so are that
              much less true election methods.<br>
              (A minor example, the classic objections to cumulative
              voting seem to apply to some apprently modern versions or
              variations.)<br>
              <br>
              When Condorcet and Borda, disagreed on the best way to
              conduct a count of preference voting, Laplace decided in
              favor of Borda. (I grant you that Condorcet has
              information value, when weighted. But I am not well
              informed on this approach and know of no convincing reason
              why it should be adopted or how you would persuade the
              public of that.) JFS Ross explained that Laplace favored
              Method Borda because higher preferences were more
              important and should count more. The Gregory method
              removes the objection to Borda of "later harm." This is
              the direction I have followed (weighted count of ranked
              choice), following on from where Meek method STV leaves
              off. <br>
              <span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"> <br>
                  Richard Lung</font></span>
              <div>
                <div class="h5"><br>
                  <br>
                  <br>
                  <br>
                  <br>
                  <br>
                  On 22/06/2017 15:01, Brian Olson wrote:
                  <blockquote type="cite">
                    <div dir="ltr">
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:times new roman,serif">I
                        kinda don't accept this paradox. Just to compare
                        the form of a election method paradox statement:
                        Arrow's theorem was that given a set of desired
                        properties and the constraint of rankings
                        ballots, those set of desirable properties could
                        not all be simultaneously fulfilled. One can
                        almost trivially step outside of that paradox by
                        eliminating the constraint of the rankings
                        ballot.</div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:times new roman,serif"><br>
                      </div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:times new roman,serif">My
                        model of understanding people and elections is a
                        utilitarian one. A person derives some amount of
                        utility from the outcome of an election and
                        everyone is apportioned the same share of
                        utility which we might count as 0..1 or -1..1 .
                        These model persons can be summed up and and a
                        global social utility calculated. The ideal
                        election method perfectly knows every person and
                        elects the true global social utility maximizing
                        candidate. This sounds an awful lot like score
                        voting. But then we have to start to complicate
                        the model with imperfect knowledge of a voter's
                        utility, the imperfect expression of that on a
                        ballot, strategic ballot casting rather than
                        honest, messy computation and practical
                        administration issues of running an election in
                        the real world, and so on. So we might wind up
                        with a best practical method that isn't just
                        simple score voting.</div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:times new roman,serif"><br>
                      </div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:times new roman,serif">But I
                        still believe there is a pragmatic 'best'
                        method, we have techniques for evaluating that,
                        and we should do this and put something up in
                        the real world. Personally I'll take a rankings
                        ballot that's Condorcet counted with any cycle
                        resolution method as 'good enough' and
                        practically applicable; and tinkering around the
                        edges for a slightly better method is fun
                        mathematical curiosity but I'd also like to get
                        some laws passed.</div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:times new roman,serif"><br>
                      </div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:times new roman,serif">What
                        do you think of my model statement?</div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:times new roman,serif">Is
                        there a more formal statement of limitations you
                        were heading towards?</div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:times new roman,serif"><br>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                      <div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Jun 22, 2017 at
                        2:30 AM, Richard Lung <span dir="ltr"><<a
                            moz-do-not-send="true"
                            href="mailto:voting@ukscientists.com"
                            target="_blank">voting@ukscientists.com</a>></span>
                        wrote:<br>
                        <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0
                          0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc
                          solid;padding-left:1ex">
                          <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"> <br>
                            <br>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span>The election
                                methods trade-off paradox/impossibility
                                theorems paradox.<br>
                              </span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><br>
                            </p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span>For the sake of
                                argument, suppose a trade-off theory of
                                elections that there is no consistently
                                democratic electoral system: the
                                impossibility supposition.</span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span>That supposition
                                implies some conception (albeit
                                non-existent) of a consistently derived
                                right election result.</span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span>If there is no
                                such measure, then there is no standard
                                even to judge that there is a trade-off
                                between electoral systems.</span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Suppose there is
                                a consistent theory of choice, setting a
                                standard by which electoral systems can
                                be judged for their democratic
                                consistency.</span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span>It follows that
                                the election result will only be as
                                consistent as the electoral system, and
                                there is no pre-conceivably right
                                election result, because that
                                presupposes a perfection not given to
                                science as a progressive pursuit.<span
                                  class="m_1002364532082318285HOEnZb"></span></span></p>
                            <span class="m_1002364532082318285HOEnZb"><font
                                color="#888888"> <span></span></font></span><span
                              class="m_1002364532082318285HOEnZb"><font
                                color="#888888"> <br>
                                <br>
                                <pre class="m_1002364532082318285m_2969095498426562027moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
Richard Lung.
<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://www.voting.ukscientists.com" target="_blank">http://www.voting.ukscientists<wbr>.com</a>
Democracy Science series 3 free e-books in pdf:
<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="https://plus.google.com/106191200795605365085E-books" target="_blank">https://plus.google.com/106191<wbr>200795605365085
E-books</a> in epub format:
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</pre>
                              </font></span></div>
                          <br>
                          ----<br>
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                            moz-do-not-send="true"
                            href="http://electorama.com/em"
                            rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://electorama.com/em</a>
                          for list info<br>
                          <br>
                        </blockquote>
                      </div>
                      <br>
                    </div>
                  </blockquote>
                  <br>
                  <br>
                  <pre class="m_1002364532082318285moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
Richard Lung.
<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="m_1002364532082318285moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.voting.ukscientists.com" target="_blank">http://www.voting.<wbr>ukscientists.com</a>
Democracy Science series 3 free e-books in pdf:
<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="m_1002364532082318285moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://plus.google.com/106191200795605365085" target="_blank">https://plus.google.com/<wbr>106191200795605365085</a>
E-books in epub format:
<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="m_1002364532082318285moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.smashwords.com/profile/view/democracyscience" target="_blank">https://www.smashwords.com/<wbr>profile/view/democracyscience</a>

</pre>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </blockquote>
        </div>
        <br>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    <br>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">-- 
Richard Lung.
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.voting.ukscientists.com">http://www.voting.ukscientists.com</a>
Democracy Science series 3 free e-books in pdf:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://plus.google.com/106191200795605365085">https://plus.google.com/106191200795605365085</a>
E-books in epub format:
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.smashwords.com/profile/view/democracyscience">https://www.smashwords.com/profile/view/democracyscience</a>

</pre>
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