<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra">About IRV, I don't advocate IRV for current conditions. IRV's problems make it entirely unsuitable for current conditions.<br><div class="gmail_quote"><br>On Tue, Dec 20, 2016 at 5:35 AM, Kristofer Munsterhjelm <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:km_elmet@t-online.de" target="_blank">km_elmet@t-online.de</a>></span> wrote:<br><br></div><div class="gmail_quote">[Due to some incompatibility, it doesn't seem possible to bring the text up to the top of this page. So it's necessary to scroll down to it, below] :<br><br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div><span class=""><br></span><br>
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In the past, I've heard some Approval supporters go "well, you know the<br>
parties you absolutely do like and the parties you absolutely don't, so<br>
just approve the former and don't approve the latter". But this is<br>
another kind of patch. It works as long as that's true, but then fails<br></div></blockquote><div>[endquote]<br><br></div><div>...if by "work" you mean "elect the best candidate you can get". But that isn't the way to use Approval. Tactical voting, to try for the best candidate you can get isn't what Approval is for. <br><br></div><div>I admit that many have a psychological need for that, and that's why rank-methods might be necessary--but onlyif people are willing to go to the trouble and expense needed to set up a rank-method. ...a problem that rank-method advocates seem to forget about.<br><br></div><div>In the polls that I've been doing, Approval has been the consistent big winner.<br><br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div>
[when it's no longer the case. In a Burlington scenario, both IRV and<br>
Approval would have done well as long as there had been only two major<br>
parties. But when there're three on the line, IRV becomes confused...</div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Even if you insist on the goal of electing the best candidate possible, Approval wouldn't have had a problem in Burlilngton, with only 3 winnable candidates. The middle faction know that either they're the CWs, or one of the other 2 has a 1st-choice majority.<br><br></div><div>In the latter case it doesn't matter what the middle voters do. In the former case it's obvious that one of the wing-candidates needs the middle candidate as comropromise.<br><br></div><div>Whichever of the 2 wing-candidates is the most likely to be smaller, hir voters know that they need to approve Middle. For the reasons given above, the middle faction know that they have no need to, and shouldn't, approve anyone other than Middle.<br><br></div><div>That's if you're interested in tactical voting, to get the best candidate you can. <br></div><div><br> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div>and<br>
the chicken problem appears in Approval.<br></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>No. Chicken dilemma, as we define it on EM, doesn't happen when there's a middle CWs. The chicken-dilemma situation won't be common. And there are a number of reasons why it won't be a problem.<br><br></div><div>There'd be sure to be talk about intention to chicken-dilemma defect. Its intended victims would hear about it, and they'd announce that it will backfire.<br></div><div>Defenders have the credibility-advantage in a chicken-dilemma situation.<br><br></div><div>Usually one of the 2 rival factions will be known to be larger than the other. It would be understood that they won't approve the rival, because their candidate is obviously the rightful winner.<br><br></div><div>Even if there's no prediction of which faction is larger, maybe one of them is clearly more principled, ethical, moral or right. It would be understood, and they'd clarify it, that they aren't going to approve the less principled faction's candidate.<br><br></div><div>Defection would obviously have bad consequences later, when the defectors wouldn't have their victims' help. In fact there's the Tit-For-Tat strategy:<br><br></div><div>Always do what the other faction did in the previous election (co-operate or defect0.<br><br></div><div>But, disregarding the matter of future elections:<br></div><div><br></div><div>Forest suggested, here, a good solution to chicken-dilemma in Approval. I recently posted a quantitative example to illustrate it.<br><br></div><div>For all of those reasons, chicken-dilemma in Approval isn't the problem that opponents think it will be.<br> <br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div>
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So I don't find the counter that you can just "approve of the candidates<br>
you like and not approve of the people you don't like" very persuasive.<br></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>That's because Kristofer insists on the need for electing the best individual candidate that can be gotten. If you need that, then Approval isn't for you. Stick with rank-methods. (But Approval is a lot more feasible to implement, and a lot briefer to define, justify & explain--and is the winner in two separate polls that I'm conducting.)<br><br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div>
This assumes that there will always be a clear delineation between the<br></div><div>
candidates the voters like and the candidates the voters don't like.</div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>In this country, for the 99%, there is a vast merit, ethical, & moral <u><b>gulf</b> </u>between the progressive candidates and the Repugnocratic candidates. <br><br></div><div>You can hypothesize about other (Utopian) voting-situations. There's nothing wrong with science-fiction.<br><br></div><div>...voting situations in which there's<u> </u>no strong bottom-set for the 99%, because their bottom-set candidates, being unwinnable, are no longer in the elections. <br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div>
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So suppose that there will always be such a clear delineation. Then most<br>
systems (like Condorcet) that support equal rank and reduces to Approval<br></div></blockquote><div><br><br></div><div>...expensive Approval.<br><br></div><div>But no, actually no that isn't true. Condorcet doesn't reduce to Approval, because, unlike Approval, Condorcet fails FBC. If you've been convinced by media that the winner can only ever be a Democrat or a Repugnican, then guess what? You need to do whatever it takes to ensure that the Democrat wins. With Condorcet, moving Jill up to top, alongside Democrat, can change the winner from Democrat to Repugnican.<br><br></div><div>But yes, there <i>are</i> some good rank methods, methods that meet FBC.<br> <br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div>
when everybody equal-ranks will work: just equal rank the acceptables<br>
and don't rank the rest. </div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>No. Not good enough unless you're sure that sufficiently many people will do the same. That's like saying to a Democrat overcompromiser: "Just vote for Jill, because if enough do, she'll win." The overcompromise has been told, and believes, that only the Dem or Repug can win, and, believing that, hir only right strategy in Condorcet is to rank Dem alone at top. <br><br></div><div>Kristofer continued:<br><br>
On the other hand, suppose that there won't always be such a clear<br>
delineation. Then Approval will start running into trouble <br></div><div>[endquote]<br><br></div><div>No, it's the person who thinks he needs to elect the best individual candidate that he can get, who runs into trouble. But he makes his own trouble for himself.<br><br></div><div>[quote]<br></div><div>and/or put a<br>
burden on the voters when you get into a fuzzy territory. <br></div><div>[/quote]<br><br></div><div>Only for voters who insist on clinging to that burden.<br><br></div><div>If all the candidates are so good that there's no longer a strong bottom-set for you, then that's a good thing. Don't make it into a problem for yourself.<br><br></div><div>Say, with no strong bottom-set, the candidates have a uniform merit-gradient, so there isn't even any obvious breakpoint. What a terrible problem? No.<br><br></div><div>Maybe there's some region-subset within which you're fairly sure that the approval-cuttoff should be. Maybe that region encompasses all of the candidates. It doesn't matter. <br><br></div><div>If you don't know where the approval cutoff should be, if you don't know what subset is the one you want to vote over the other, then it doesn't matter. If you don' t know, then it doesn't matter.<br><br></div><div>If you cared, you'd know it.<br><br></div><div>So my reply? "You worry too much."<br><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br><br></div><div>[quote]<br></div><div>In a<br>
Burlington scenario, Approval could misjudge -- like IRV<br></div><div>[/quote]<br><br></div><div>[quote]<br></div><div>, except it<br>
would misjudge in favor of a centrist rather than in favor of an<br>
extremist, to the extent that the voters are risk averse and approve<br>
more candidates than they would under optimal strategy.<br></div><div>[endquote]<br><br></div><div>If it looks to you like your wing-candidate has a majority, then you can be sure that it looks to the opposite wing-factions that at least your candidate is bigger than theirs. You know that they'll approve Middle therefore. You don't need to, especially if you really have a majority. But if you have a majority, and the other wing approves Middle, then your majority candidate will still win.<br><br></div><div>Even if you feel the need for tactical voting, Approval is better than you think.<br><br></div><div>
[quote]<br></div><div>
So my point is that in "easy to call" elections where all the voters<br>
have a sharp delineation between who they like and not, most reasonable<br>
methods get it right. The difference is that ranked methods don't force<br>
you to vote as if that were the case when there *is* no such sharp<br>
delineation. <br></div><div>[/quote]<br><br></div><div>As I said, in Approval, when it isn't clear which set you want to vote over the others, then it doesn't really matter. Take a guess. One guess is as good as another, if you don't feel a definite preference for a particular approval-set, a particular approval-cutoff.<br><br></div><div><br></div><div>[quote]<br></div><div>On the other hand, in the scenarios where it's unclear what<br>
society's preference is, like when there are multiple real contenders,<br>
methods like Condorcet can have trouble. That's right, but so will<br>
Approval.<br></div><div>[/quote]<br><br></div><div>When Approval is used in accordance with its merits & value, that isn't "trouble" at all.<br><br></div><div>
[quote]<br></div><div>
The trouble manifests differently: in a Condorcet method, it permits<br>
strategic voting if the voters know what they're doing. In Approval, it<br>
increases the burden for honest voters <br></div><div>[/quote]<br><br></div><div>It definitely increases the "burden" on voters who insist on burdening themselves with trying to elect the best candidate they could if they had perfect information. As i said, you worry too much.<br><br></div><div><br></div><div>[quote]<br></div><div>(and the risk of a wrong result<br>
if the honest voters don't pay attention).<br>
</div><div>[/quote]<br><br></div><div>A pproval elects the candidate who's satisfactory to the most voters.<br><br></div><div>Decide for yourself where to draw the line. If they're all satisfactory, then just arbitrarily approve some better set. Don't worry about it.<br><br></div><div>[quote]<br></div><div>
'Q: Do you support Approval over Condorcet since Condorcet has problems<br>
with strategy?<br>
A: Condorcet has problems with strategy. But Approval burdens the voters<br>
even without strategy! ']<br></div><div>[/quote]<br><br></div><div>No, <i>you</i> burden <i>yourself</i>, if you think that you have to somehow, tactically reliably elect the CWs in an Approval election.<br><br></div><div>But go for it. To each their own.<br><br></div><div>You could just vote to maximize the probability of electing from some better-set (by approving only them). That's your strong top-set if there is one. Or with a uniform merit-gradient of good candidates, you could arbitrarily what you want to designate your best set. If you don't know, it doesn't matter.<br><br></div><div>[quote]<br></div><div>
And if Approval doesn't burden the honest voters, then neither do the<br>
ranked methods.<br></div><div>[/quote]<br><br></div><div>Condorcet, by its FBC failure, causes a problem that Approval doesn't have.<br><br></div><div>
Approval won't make someone vote SleazeCompromise over Favorite. Condorcet will.<br><br>
</div><div>[quote]<br></div><div>Again, this kind of loops back to my concept of "manual DSV". Approval<br>
can't do the impossible even though it seems to to do so, because<br>
[Approval + whatever you do in your head to quantize the ballot] could<br>
be considered just another voting method. If you do a fair comparison<br>
between Approval and other methods by explicitly stating an algorithm<br>
that does the quantization step for you, then the resulting quantized<br>
Approval method is susceptible to strategy like every other.<br></div><div>[/quote]<br><br></div><div>...if you're obsessed with trying to elect the CWs.<br><br></div><div><br><br></div><div>
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</span></div><div><span class="">[quote]<br>
</span></div><div>Consider a method like, say, MAM. This method passes the Smith<br>
criterion, which means that it'll elect from the set of candidates where<br>
all of them would win a one-on-one runoff with any of the candidates<br>
outside the set. Another way of saying this is that it'll be uncertain<br>
of whom to elect (in the absence of strategy) only among those who are<br>
close to the median anyway. So it picks someone close to the median<br>
without the honest voters having to accommodate the restrictions of the<br>
system.<br></div><div>[/quote]<br><br></div><div>Condorcet & other rank-methods relieve the concerns of overcompromisers & rival parties, and would likely avoid their worst voting-errors. Good rank methods can give you some ability to choose among the candidates you most importantly want to beat worse ones. But doing so increases the probability of electing none of them.<br><br></div><div>But yes, with a good method like the MDDA versions, you can protect your strong top-set as well as in Approval, while still voting some choice among them.<br><br></div><div>And the best rank methods, in addition to meeting FBC, can also provide easy, convenient & reliable ways of dealing with chicken-dilemma. <br><br></div><div>Those are nice luxuries, not necessities. ...except for the overcompromiser who needs rankings to keep from supporting sleaze.<br><br></div><div>I don't oppose rank methods. MDDA & MDDAsc are excellent luxury methods. <br><br></div><div>But Approval is incomparably easier to implement. Cost of implementation: Zero.<br><br></div><div>Anyway, people aren't interested in rank-methods. They lose in my polls. Approval wins. The only rank-method with any popularity is IRV. Probably because of heavily funded promotion all around the country, wining & dining leaders of parties & organizations.<br><br></div><div>Michael Ossipoff<br></div><div><br></div><div>
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