<div dir="ltr"><br><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Dec 19, 2016 at 9:50 PM, Juho Laatu <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:juho.laatu@gmail.com" target="_blank">juho.laatu@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><span class=""><blockquote type="cite"><div>On 20 Dec 2016, at 01:33, Michael Ossipoff <<a href="mailto:email9648742@gmail.com" target="_blank">email9648742@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div></blockquote><div><br></div><blockquote type="cite"><div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><div>We have no reason to worry about offensive strategy in CIVS polls.<br><br>And so MAM is the best choice for CIVS polls. MAM is one of the rank-counts that CIVS supports.<br></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>Ok, MAM is a quite decent method. If strategic voting is minimal, I guess you pick the method that gives best results with sincere votes. I'm still lacking good understanding of why exactly MAM would produce best winners with sincere votes.</div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>MAM is the ideal, among the methods that look only at pairwise-defeats and their strengths, and that comes from MAM's definition:<br><br></div><div>MAM:<br><br></div><div>A pairwise defeat is affirmed if it isn't the weakest defeat in a cycle whose other defeats are affirmed.<br><br></div><div>A alternative wins if it doesn't have an affirmed defeat.<br><br></div><div>[end of MAM definition]<br><br></div><div>It couldn't get any more minimal & ideal than that. MAM (unlike Beatpath, etc.) never unnecessarily disregards a pairwise defeat (by electing someone who has the defeat).<br><br></div><div>In a method based only on pairwise defeats & their strengths, the only thing that should nullify a defeat would be if that defeat is the weakest in a cycle, and if the other defeats in that cycle aren't nullified in that way.<br><br></div><div>Additionally, MAM has excellent burial-deterrence & thwarting. That's why I use MAM, in Pairwise-Winner(MAM, Smith,MMPO). ...for MAM's burial-deterrence. But MMPO, & not MAM, is chicken-dilemma defection-proof, which is why I like to combine both of their strategic advantages, in<br></div><div>P(MAM, Smith,MMPO), for polls with possibly offensive-strategic voters.<br></div><div><br> <br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><span class=""><div><br></div><blockquote type="cite"><div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><span><blockquote type="cite"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div><div><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><div>When offensive strategy is used against the CWs, s/he'll be in the voted Smith-set. That's a good reason to elect from the voted Smith-set, so that the CWs can maybe be rescued.<br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>In theory that might save the CWs in some very rare cases. </div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I can't say why it's important to guarantee that the winner is in the voted Smith-set, other than that it confers compliance with various criteria, including Mutual-Majority.<br></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>That's a good answer since there are situations where one can justify electing from a Smith set that consists of very similar minded clones. The top cycle can be sincere or strategic. The same matrix can however probably be also a result of sincere votes where the Smith set candidates are not clones but a much more competitive group. In such cases it could make sense to elect outside the Smith set. One key point here is that information in the matrix is limited, and it is impossible to say if there are clones, and which preferences are strong and which ones weak.</div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>But, with pairwise-count methods, the number of people voting a preference stands-in as an indication of its importance, imperfect though that may be.<br><br></div><div>It's important to find out the CWs, because that's the best that anyone can expect to get. Truncation-proof MAM & MMPO still elect the CWs when someone truncates it. MAM's deterrence of burial, improves the likelihood of electing the CWs if there is one--& there usually is one.<br><br></div><div> <br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><span class=""><div><br></div><blockquote type="cite"><div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><div>But, because one member of the voted Smith set will be the CWs, if truncation or burial is being attempted against it (neuter gender because I'm talking about poll-alternatives) then that means that disqualifying non-members of the voted Smith-set narrows the field in a way favorable to the CWs.<br></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>It is not possible to tell if there was a CWs. </div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>True, but if there is one, then it will win even if there's a truncation-caused cycle. Truncation-proofness is important, even in a sincere electorate, because truncation can be non-strategic (lazy, hurried, principled, etc.).<br> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><div>The top loop can be sincere as well (or a result of various good and bad strategies). And the best sincere winner might be also outside the Smith set.</div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Certainly, because it would be possible for the alternative satisfactory to the most people to be outside the Smith set. But probably it will usually be the CWs, or in the sincere Smith set if there isn't a CWs.<br> <br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><span class=""><div><br></div><blockquote type="cite"><div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><div>Note that electing outside the Smith set may sometimes also help us, e.g. by making strategic plans void by not electing the (possibly strongly top-looped) favourite of the strategists.</div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Maybe, but, by pairwise-count standards, electing from the Smith set keeps the winner among the pairwise publicly-favored candidates.<br></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>I don't understand your definition of "pairwise publicly-favored candidates". Why can't candidates outside the Smith set be such candidates? </div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Because, pairwise is what the Smith set is about. Something outside the Smith set might be more approved than the Smith set members, but it won't be pairwise publicly preferred to them.<br> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><div>I mean situations where the leading candidate outside the Smith set could lose by one vote to all the Smith set members. Losing only marginally to many candidates could be a better result than losing a lot to fewer candidates.</div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Sure, that could be argued on ethical grounds. But pairwise defeats are what's important if you want to avoid an angry majority who prefer someone else to the winner.<br><br></div><div>And the CWs is important to find, in polls, because it's the best that anyone can get (unless they're a good offensive strategist, in an election or poll using a method vulnerable to that strategy).<br> <br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><span class=""><div><br></div><blockquote type="cite"><div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><div>Of course, in an election, when Approval elects the candidate approved, considered satisfactory by the most people, is probably more important than electing the CWs or from the sincere Smith-set.<br></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>Also pairwise comparisons can sometimes lead to situations where best candidate (based on those pairwise comparisons) is found outside the Smith set. (see the marginal loss example above)</div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Yes. looking at the strength of pairwise oppositions instead of at pairwise defeats. But the pairwise defeats have great importance in regards to finding the best that we can get.<br><br> <br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><span class=""><div><br></div><blockquote type="cite"><div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><div>MAM, by itself would surely, it seems to me, be the best way to find the CWs, for sincere voters.</div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>All Condorcet methods can find the CWs with sincere votes.</div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>True, but truncation needn't be strategic, and so truncation-proofness is important even with the most sincere electorate.<br><br></div><div>Besides, when MAM & Beatpath give different winners, MAM's winner pairbeats Beatpath's winner by a factor of several to 1. That's a result of MAM disregarding as few pairwise defeats as possible.<br><br></div><div>[Replying farther down] :<br> <br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><span class=""><div><br></div><blockquote type="cite"><div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><div>I'm sure there will always be some irrational behaviour, but that might be just general noise, and would not influence the election. If some large grouping will use some irrational strategy, and as a result will make the outcome of the election worse from their point of view, maybe they will learn and will vote rationally (sincerely or strategically) in the next election.</div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>If the CWs is in your strong bottom-set, then burial, even when it risks electing a worse member of your strong bottom-set, isn't irrational, if there's _any_ chance of successfully changing the winner to someone in your strong top-set.<br><br></div><div>If we were using Condorcet, and if the expected CWs were a Repugnocrat, I'd routinely use burial strategy, every time, in hopes of electing a progressive. That's good strategy.<br></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>Ok, if your preferences are A >>>>> B > C, and your guess is that B is a CWs, then it would be quite risk free to try to create cycles. It is however quite possible that your vote will be part of the "general noise". Some C supporters could also compromise (= top rank B) if they believe that B's victory is not certain, and some B supporters could rank A lowest if they believe that many A supporters plan to bury B. </div></div></div></blockquote><div><br><br></div><div>Sure, those are good defensive strategies against burial. But I don't care which Repugnocrat wins. So if there's any chance that I can strategically elect a progressive, I'd bury. <br><br>(Truncation wouldn't work in MAM, or MDDA, and it wouldn't work in MDDAsc against someone who is majority-approved, when done by someone whose candidate isn't majority-approved. And it wouldn't work in MAM, MDDA, or MDDAsc against a candidate top-ranked by a majority.)<br><br><br> <br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><div>Many A supporters would not like the idea of increasing the chances of C winning the election.</div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Yes, there are many Democrat-overcompromiser suckers. <br><br>P.T. Barnum, that great social scientist, pointed out that there's one born every minute.<br><br> <br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><div>Many voters would vote sincerely since that's what they believe is the right thing to do. </div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Voting in way that's more likely to elect someone who won't hurt a lot of people is hardly unethical.<br> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><div>There are so many parameters and uncertainty in polls that coherent strategic voting may not be common. </div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>If Sleaze-Democrat isn't really the CWs, then youj're no worse off when you bury hir. It just won't matter. <br><br></div><div>Burying someone in your strong bottom-set doesn't need good predictive information.<br><br> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><div>It may not be easy to get sufficient number of strategic voters to follow the plan.</div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Yes, no one should count on the situation improving, or a better world ever somehow arriving. <br></div><div><br></div><div>But a plan would be something different from what I meant. I just spoke of how _I'd_ vote.<br> <br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><div><br></div><div>I have been asking for generic strategic guidance for Condorcet elections. I think you are close to proposing one rule here. Maybe something like "if you strongly dislike the expected winner, bury it under all such candidates that are not much worse than it".</div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Good enough. <br> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><div> Maybe add "if some of your favourite candidates are expected to beat </div></div></div></blockquote><div> those candidates".<br><br></div><div>...or even if not. Burial can elect someone pairbeaten by the CWs.<br><br> Maybe you can improve my formulation of that possible strategic advice. Maybe simulations could tell if that strategy does more good than harm<br><br></div><div>[endquote]<br><br></div><div>Strategy can't do any significant harm if the CWs is in your strong bottom-set.<br><br></div><div>But I emphasize that I wouldn't expect that situation, because I give the other votes credit for better judgement. Jill is the CWs in my poll at CIVS.<br><br><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><br><br><div><span class=""><div><br></div><blockquote type="cite"><div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><div>after the election but only in the ballot when voting). This whole process would be repeated few times.</div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>But people would then be using counterstrategy agains the declared offensive strategy, and that would make it unrealistic, because in real elections, the voters might not be as adept at counterstrategy.<br></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote></span><span class=""><br></span><span class=""><blockquote type="cite"><div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><div>But, ever since EM started, I've always felt that poll are super useful & valuable, as the only way to find out what it's like to use the various voting-systems. You probably know that I started lots of polls at EM. They've fallen out of fashion, and I consider that regrettable, because you can't fully evaluate & compare voting-systems without actually trying them. Voting in polls, and counting polls. <br></div><div><br></div><div>So yes, I'm in favor of polls at EM. Regrettably no one else is.<br></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div></span><div><div>Yes, polls can be very helpful. And paper work sometimes too, if disciplined enough.</div><div><br></div></div><span class=""><blockquote type="cite"><div><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_extra"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><div> I have great trust on the skills of people on this mailing list, but so far I have not seen any good strategic guidance for voters or parties in real life Condorcet elections. </div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Well, I mentioned, above, that I'd routinely use burial strategy when the expected CWs is in my strong bottom-set, in an official Condorcet election.<br></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>Yes. If you can, please upgrade my description above to something that you believe to be valid guidance to regular voters. (Alternatively you can give also strategic rules for parties, that may then give further guidance to their supporters).</div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>My best suggestion would be to top-rank all of the progressive candidates (or approve (only) them all, if the method is Approval). <br><br></div><div>In the very unlikely situation where the likely CWs is a Democrat, I'd say, "Let's bury hir under the Repugnican." <br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><div><br></div><div>Here's another one that may work e.g. against some minmax style Condorcet methods. "If some unwanted party/grouping has numerous equally disliked candidates, rank them in a loop in alphabetical order, starting from a random candidate".</div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Sure, there's no reason to not try that, in the methods in which it could work. Of course it wouldn't work in MAM. But it could work in the methods that I like best for official elections. <br> <br></div><div>Michael Ossipoff <br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div></div><br>----<br>
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