<div dir="ltr"><br><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Nov 21, 2016 at 2:24 AM, robert bristow-johnson <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:rbj@audioimagination.com" target="_blank">rbj@audioimagination.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><p> </p><p>there is some truth mixed in with this, but some hooey mixed in also</p></blockquote><div><br></div><div>.then I'll reply to some of it.<br> <br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><br><span class=""></span><p>I don't see any reason why IRV results in the dominance of the two major parties. </p></blockquote><div><br></div><div>...except that IRV's national track record is one of 2-party dominance.<br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><p>The problem that IRV suffers is that sometimes IRV does not elect the Condorcet Winner and then voters feel that the election failed when a candidate is elected
despite that more voters marked their ballots that they preferred a specific different candidate. Then this cascades into other problems like spoiler and later harm..</p></blockquote><div><br></div><div>That well characterizes what happened in Burlington, but IRV doesn't violate Later-No-Harm. ...or Later-No-Help either.<br><br></div><div>IRV is a good method. But don't advocate or adopt it unless you understand, accept and want its problem, and its unique offering and tradeoffs. IRV isn't for everyone.<br><br></div><div>In Burlington, you repealed it because you didn't like its elimination of a CWv. Then why did you adopt it??? You didn't know that it could do that? Did FairVote assure you that it would never happen?<br><br></div><div>As with any voting system, IRV's advantages come at a price. In particular, freedom from chicken-dilemma always comes at a high price. As I've said, IRV's price for CD isn't more than the "going rate" for the price of CD.<br><br></div><div>IRV's problem is its ability to eliminate a CWv and its failure of FBC. I wouldn't accept a method that fails FBC, unless there's a good trade for it.<br></div><div><br></div><div> I prefer the relative certainty & solidity of FBC & Approval voting, for my own voting, and also to reassure lesser-of-2-evils overcompromisers. IRV gives up FBC, for a completely different approach. <br><br></div><div>Other than its problem, the fact that the supporters of a CWs have no way to protect hir from elimination, and that other voters, too, can't protect hir other than by favoite-burial, IRV brings some big advantages, CD in particular, along with MMC, & the combination of LNHa & LNHe.<br><br></div><div>That problem has some mitigation, as I've described in previous postings:<br><br></div><div>If the eliminated CWv's voters transfer to someone worse, that's because they're closer to Worst than to Favorite. If so, then maybe you aren't losing much if Worst wins instead of the CWs.<br><br></div><div>And if your candidate & party are big enough to eliminate the CWs, then they'll be well-known (if we had honest media). The CWs's voters will know about your candidate. If you like the CWs, then hir voters are likely to like your candidate, and will transfer your way.<br><br></div><div>And if you _don't_ like the CWs, and especially if s/he's in your strong bottom-set, then you won't like the results of any voting-system.<br><br></div><div>I don't advocate IRV, and I wouldn't include it in a proposal. But if others like and want it, then that's fine, because it has its own approach to good results. I merely suggest that they familiarize themselves with its problem, and be sure that they're ok with it, before they advocate, support and enact it. So that there won't be another Burlington.<br></div><div> <br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><p>Setting aside the Condorcet cycle, none of this would occur with Ranked-Choice Voting with a Condorcet-compliant
tabulation of votes.</p></blockquote><div>I wouldn't give up FBC, except in trade for avoiding chicken-dilemma. Ordinary Condorcet fails FBC.<br><br></div><div>Daniel was right, with regard to Condorcet: Lesser-of-2-evils overcompromisers (will thnk that they) have reason to rank some dismal compromise alone in 1st place, over their favorite.<br><br></div><div>If you want Condorcet, then at least use Kevin Venzke's Improved Compromise (IC), which meets FBC. <br><br>Kevin has introduced an IC//MMPO, which meets FBC & CDalong with an improved kind of Condorcet winner-choice.<br><br></div><div>When you top-rank 2 candidates, you don't do so in order to have one of them beat the other and give the election to Worst instead. You top-rank them both because you want one of them to win. The IC beat-definition counts an equal top-ranking of X & Y as a vote against either beating the other (which could give the election to Worst).<br><br></div><div>It's your vote, and counting it to your advantage isn't unfair.<br><br></div><div>....or use the IC beat-definition with your Ranked-Pairs. Then you'll at least get FBC ...but use wv instead of margins. Margins gives no protection from burial, or even from innocent, nonstrategic truncation.<br><br></div><div>But, without protection from chicken-dilemma, a rank method brings zero genuine improvement over Approval, and can only be justified by a psychological need for rankings.<br><br></div><div>[Replying farther down] :<br> <br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span class=""><p>> This may be more surprising to<br>> people, but looking at the underlying cause, it seems we can make a rather<br>
> important simplifying argument about most voting systems regarding this<br>
> problem. I would assert that the underlying cause of this problem of<br>
> two-party dominance in any voting system is that it gives voters the<br>
> ability to rank or order at least one candidate higher than the rest.<br>
><br>
> The reason this ability to rank candidates becomes a problem is the spoiler<br>
> effect, where voters will have a strong motivation to give their highest<br>
> rank to one of the leading candidates. If they don't, then they weaken the<br>
> chance of that candidate winning and therefore strengthen the chance of the<br>
> less preferred leading candidate. Because one of the leading candidates is<br>
> likely to win, all the rest of the rankings of non-leading candidates<br>
> hardly matter at all.</p></span><p>Again, this is a demonstrated problem with IRV, but not so much with Condorcet (sans cycle).</p></blockquote><div><br></div><div>If you prefer Jill, but you believe that Hillary is worth electing and better than the Republican, and you're told, and believe, that the winner must be either Hillary or the Republican, then your best strategy in ordinary Condorcet is to rank Hillary alone in 1st place, over your favorite. ...because of Condorcet's failure of FBC.<br> <br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span class=""></span><span class=""><p>
> doesn't join one of these two major parties is excluded.</p></span><br><p>Just not true. And little evidence to support the claim.</p><span class=""><p>> So once voters and candidates figure this out, any such voting system ends<br>
> up devolving into the dominance of two major parties that we get with<br>
> simple plurality voting.</p></span><p>Again, a claim made with no justification.</p></blockquote><div>As I said, IRV's longterm national track-record is one of 2-party domination.<br> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span class=""><p>> In fact, one might argue that plurality voting is<br>
> better just because it is simpler.</p></span><p>THAT does happen.</p><span class=""><p>> But Approval Voting avoids this problem.</p></span><p>No, it just creates more trouble. It's Approval Voting that devolves into Plurality Voting once voters start wondering whether or not they should Approve their
second-choice candidate (or whether they should Approve their third-choice). </p></blockquote><div>Approve only your favorite if s/he's the only candidate you like. <br><br>Approve only your favorite if you insist on voting tactically (based on predictive information) and if it looks as if your favorite has a win.<br><br></div><div>Is that a problem to you?<br><br></div><div>Ii suggest that if you're a progressive, then there are a large set of candidates whom you so much prefer to the alternatives, that your best strategy is to approve them all.<br><br><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><p>Voters don't want their second-choice to beat their first-choice. How do they stop that from happening? (By bullet-voting their first choice, and that devolves Approval into Plurality.)</p></blockquote><div><br></div><div>You're worrying too much about voting _among_ the best candidates. If there's a set of candidates who are qualitatively the best, incomparably better than the rest, then your best strategy is to maximize the probability that one of them will win. That doesn't include voting _among_ them. Just vote _for_ them.<br><br></div><div>In any case, I don't recommend tactical voting (voting based on predictive information)...partly because the corporate mass-media's predictive information is disinformational, in the service of the people who "own" the mass media.<br><br></div><div>...but also partly because it's most to your advantage to just approve the whole set of candidates that's qualitatively, incomparably, better than the alternatives. ...to maximize the probability that one of that strong top-set will win.<br><br></div><div>(But until we have verifiable vote-counting, of course the voting system is irrelevant, as is the voting.)<br><br></div><div><br> <br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span class=""><p>>
Equal-rank approval votes mean<br>> voters don't get the option to express their preferred ranking, but because<br>
> of that, they aren't at all motivated to bias their ranking dishonestly.</p></span><p>That's baloney. They may very-well not Approve of their second-choice candidate (whom they do actually approve of) to protect their first-choice candidate.</p></blockquote><div>If they strongly approve of their 2nd choice, but not their 3rd choice, then they'll approve their 2nd choice. In our actual candidate lineup, the merit differences among the progressives are negligible in comparison to the big gulf of a merit difference between them and the Republocrats.<br><br></div><div>Don't worry about it so much. Just approve all of the best.<br><br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span class=""><p><br>
> They only have to decide which candidates to approve, or where the cut-off<br>
> is between approval and disapproval.</p></span><p>No. That is a falsehood.</p><p>They have to consider whether or not their second-choice candidate has a chance of beating their first-choice. And they have to consider whether or not their third-choice has a chance of beating either their
second-choice or their first-choice. And then they have to decide if that risk is worth it to Approve their second or third choices.</p></blockquote><div>No, they don't have to do any of that. They don't have to try to vote tactically. Partly because there's no reliable information on which to base tactical voting, and partly because their best strategy is just to approve all of the set that is incomparably, qualitatively better than the other candidates. <br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><span class=""></span><br><div><div class="h5"><p> <br></p><p>Robert says:<br></p></div></div></blockquote><div> <p>I think most of your gushing for Approval voting is not well-founded. What if the voter prefers Candidate A as their favorite, but suspects that Candidate B and Candidate C are the leading candidates? How should that voter vote with an
Approval ballot? Please answer that question with specifics.</p><p>[endquote]</p><p>We'd need better "specifics" about the situation that you've incompletely described. It depends on how much you like A better than B & C, and how much you like A & B better than C.</p><p>You don't mention any set's qualitative or incomparable better-ness,and you suggest that there's good predictive information that the winner will be B or C. <br></p><p>So, if you don't have a strong top or bottom set, and the merit differences between your successive choices are uniform, and if there's reliable predictive information that the winner will be B or C, then of course approving {A,B} is a good way to vote.</p><p>But in our actual political lineup, the media have people believing that there are 2 parties that always must and will win. Say your favorite is Jill Stein, and that the other 2 candidates are Hillary & Donald. You're told that only Hillary &I Donald are well-liked by everyone enough so that one of those two beloved and popular candidates is sure to win.</p><p>For one thing, you should find something fishy about such a claim, given what is known about those 2 candidates being the most despised presidential candidates in this country's history.</p><p>For another thing, the merit of Jill is so much greater than that of Hillary or Donald that, no matter what your'e told or believe about predictive information, your best strategy is to vote for the only acceptable, honest and progressive, genuinely pro-people candidate.</p><p>That latter interpretation of your scenario is the one that you probably intended, because it's the one that actually obtains in elections here.</p><p>Michael Ossipoff</p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p><br></p></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><p>Approval Voting (and also Score Voting) requires *more* voter strategy than does Ranked-Choice Voting decided in a Condorcet-compliant manner. IRV has problems (like a spoiler). Of course Borda and Bucklin have weird
problems that also motivate tactical voting. But when there is no cycle, Condorcet Voting expresses exactly the will of the majority voters over all combinations because it satisfies one simple to understand property:</p><p>"If more voters mark their ballots that they prefer Candidate A
over Candidate B than the number of voters who mark their ballots to the contrary, then Candidate B is not elected."</p><p>I still don't know how or why anyone would argue with that democratic value.</p><p> </p><p>Sorry, you Approval advocates have *never* made your case persuasive.
(And that includes Warren, whom I have a lot of respect for.)<br><br>
<br>
--</p><p>r b-j <a href="mailto:rbj@audioimagination.com" target="_blank">rbj@audioimagination.com</a></p><p>"Imagination is more important than knowledge."</p><br>----<br>
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