<html>
  <head>
    <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 11/19/2016 10:26 AM, Forest Simmons
      wrote:<br>
      <br>
      <blockquote type="cite">An interesting fact is that MDDA(pt/2) is
        just another formulation of my version of ICA.</blockquote>
      <br>
      Yes, that had dawned on me.  It's also like symmetrically
      completing ballots only at the bottom, saying<br>
      that above-bottom equal-rankings contribute nothing to the
      pairwise scores of the candidates with the<br>
      same above-bottom ranking versus each other, and then saying that
      unless all candidates have a majority-<br>
      strength defeat any that do are disqualified.<br>
      <br>
      But isn't that a little bit different from the normal version of
      the "Tied-at-the-Top Rule", because that treats<br>
      equal-top equal ranking differently from all below-top
      equal-ranking?<br>
      <br>
      I am a bit concerned about this (sincere) scenario:<br>
      <br>
      40: A>B<br>
      10: A=B<br>
      35: B<br>
      15: C<br>
      <br>
      With all the voters' approval cutoffs left in the default position
      B wins but A is the CW. Of course if the 40 A>B<br>
      preferrers vote  A>>B there is no problem, but might there
      be a case for the default placement being just below<br>
      the top-voted candidate/s?<br>
      <br>
      For a method with this cute game-theoretic  defence of the
      'sincere CW who is the smallest faction's favourite' and also<br>
      a way of addressing the Chicken Dilemma scenario , this looks very
      good.<br>
      <br>
      It meets FBC, Mono-add-Plump and Irrelevant Ballots Independence,
      Plurality and Mono-raise.<br>
      <br>
      Chris Benham<br>
      <br>
      <br>
      <br>
      On 11/19/2016 10:26 AM, Forest Simmons wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAP29onchTsY83oNSRRkr3rxM+h8L84smEYt7OkGvfqLzXfJGdQ@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">
        <div>
          <div>
            <div>
              <div>
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <div>
                      <div>
                        <div>
                          <div>
                            <div>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <div>
                                    <div>
                                      <div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <div>
                                                <div>
                                                  <div>
                                                    <div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>Does
                                                          optional
                                                          approval
                                                          cutoff wreck
                                                          burial
                                                          protection?<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          Suppose we
                                                          have a sincere
                                                          scenario<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          40 C>B<br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          35 A>B<br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          25 B>C<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          and the C
                                                          faction
                                                          decides to
                                                          bury the CWs
                                                          B.  The B
                                                          faction
                                                          anticipates
                                                          this and
                                                          responds by
                                                          truncating C. 
                                                          It is in the
                                                          interest of
                                                          the A faction
                                                          to leave the
                                                          default
                                                          implicit
                                                          approval
                                                          cutoff in
                                                          place.  The C
                                                          faction
                                                          doesn't want
                                                          to give A too
                                                          much support
                                                          so they use
                                                          the explicit
                                                          cutoff option:<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          40 C>>A<br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          35 A>B<br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          25 B<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          The approval
                                                          winner is B
                                                          the CWs.<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>If they
                                                          left the
                                                          implicit
                                                          cutoff in
                                                          place it would
                                                          be worse for
                                                          them; their
                                                          last choice
                                                          would be
                                                          elected.<br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div><br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          So I think
                                                          MDDA with
                                                          optional
                                                          explicit
                                                          cutoff is fine
                                                          with respect
                                                          to truncation
                                                          and burial.<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          How about the
                                                          CD?<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          In this case
                                                          the sincere
                                                          profile is<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          40 C<br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          35 A>B<br>
                                                        </div>
                                                        25 B>A<br>
                                                        <br>
                                                      </div>
                                                      The B>A faction
                                                      threatens to
                                                      defect from the AB
                                                      coalition.<br>
                                                    </div>
                                                    The A faction
                                                    responds by using
                                                    the explicit cutoff:<br>
                                                    <br>
                                                  </div>
                                                  40 C<br>
                                                </div>
                                                35 A>>B<br>
                                              </div>
                                              25 B<br>
                                              <br>
                                            </div>
                                            The approval winner is C, so
                                            the threatened defection
                                            back-fires.<br>
                                            <br>
                                          </div>
                                          It seems to me like that is
                                          plenty of chicken defection
                                          insurance.<br>
                                          <br>
                                        </div>
                                        The obvious equilibrium position
                                        (for the chicken scenario) is<br>
                                        <br>
                                        40 C<br>
                                        35 A>>B<br>
                                        25 B>>A<br>
                                        <br>
                                      </div>
                                      Under MDDA(pt/2) the only
                                      uneliminated candidate is A.<br>
                                      <br>
                                    </div>
                                    But if the B faction defects, all
                                    candidates are eliminated, and the
                                    approval winner C is elected.<br>
                                    <br>
                                  </div>
                                  This is why I like MDDA(pt/2).<br>
                                  <br>
                                </div>
                                An interesting fact is that MDDA(pt/2)
                                is just another formulation of my
                                version of ICA.  They are precisely
                                equivalent.  Here's why:<br>
                                <br>
                              </div>
                              In my version of ICA, X beats Y iff <br>
                              <br>
                            </div>
                            [X>Y] > [Y>X] + [X=Y=T] +
                            [X=Y=between] , in other words,<br>
                            <br>
                          </div>
                          [X>Y] > [Y:>=X] - [X=Y=Bottom],<br>
                          <br>
                        </div>
                        which in turn equals<br>
                        <br>
                      </div>
                      100% - [X>Y] - [X=Y=Bottom], since  100%=
                      [X>Y] + [Y>=X].<br>
                      <br>
                    </div>
                    So X beats Y iff<br>
                    <br>
                  </div>
                  [X>Y] > 100% - [X>Y] - [X=Y=Bottom].<br>
                  <br>
                </div>
                If you add [X.Y] to both sides and divide by 2, you get<br>
                <br>
              </div>
              [X>Y] +[X=Y=Bottom]/2 > 50%, <br>
              <br>
            </div>
            precisely the "majority-with- half-power-truncation" rule.<br>
            <br>
          </div>
          So (my version of) ICA is precisely equivalent to MDDA(pt/2).<br>
          <br>
        </div>
        I believe it to be completely adequate for defending against
        burial, truncation, and Chicken Defection.<br>
        <div>
          <div>
            <div>
              <div>
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <div>
                      <div>
                        <div>
                          <div>
                            <div>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <div>
                                    <div>
                                      <div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <div>
                                                <div>
                                                  <div>
                                                    <div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div><br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                    </div>
                                                  </div>
                                                </div>
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
          <div class="gmail_quote">Now suppose that p<q<r, and
            p+q+r=100%, and we have three factions of respective sizes
            p, q, and r:, with r + q > 50%.<br>
            <br>
          </div>
          <div class="gmail_quote">p: C<br>
          </div>
          <div class="gmail_quote">q: A>>B<br>
          </div>
          <div class="gmail_quote">r: B>>A<br>
          </div>
          <br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_extra">Then under the pt/2 rule both C and B
          are eliminated, but not A, so A is elected.<br>
          <br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_extra">Suppose that the B factions defects.<br>
          <br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_extra">Then A is also eliminated, and the
          approval winner C is elected.<br>
          <br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_extra">Etc.<br>
          <br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_extra">So which of the two equivalent
          formulations is easier to sell?  ICA or MDDA(pt/2) ?<br>
          <br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_extra">Forest<br>
        </div>
      </div>
      <p class="" avgcert""="" color="#000000" align="left"><br>
      </p>
    </blockquote>
    <p><br>
    </p>
  </body>
</html>