<div dir="ltr">Still trying to find a PAR-like system which meets FBC. It's not hard to find a way to eliminate B or C in the scenario I gave earlier (where A is the center-squeeze CW, and yet B and C both avoid elimination in PAR). But such "solutions" involve IRV-like and/or Condorcet-like dynamics, and that means that turkey-raising becomes an issue, so FBC breaks, even though the scenarios that break it can essentially be made arbitrarily implausible.<div><br></div><div>So, what's the simplest possible way to fix the given scenario, without actually fully rescuing FBC? Allow candidate B to voluntarily self-eliminate before step 3, if there are more than two non-eliminated candidates after step 2. At that point, all the relevant tallies in the case where they don't self-eliminate should be public.</div><div><br></div><div>This rule could in theory lead to a chicken dilemma between candidates, but that's very unlikely. In general, either the threat candidate C will be eliminated, or only one of A or B will be able to beat C. In order for the chicken dilemma to happen, there'd have to be just the right amount of C non-rejection from both A and B camps; enough to combine to keep C alive, but not enough from either side to make the opposite camp not beat C.</div><div><br></div><div>Grrrr.... the boundary zone between FBC, chicken dilemma, and Condorcet/center squeeze is very, very annoying. From pushing as hard as I have, I suspect there would be an impossibility theorem here, if you defined my "chicken dilemma non-slippery-slopeness" rigorously enough.</div><div><br></div><div>I think that it's possible to make a method which navigates this minefield in practice. But it's not possible to make one which provably does.</div><div><br></div><div>So, between PAR, and PAR-with-voluntary-withdrawals, which do people like better? Neither meets FBC in theory, though both are close in practice. PARWVW is closer, but PAR is simpler.</div><div><div><font color="#252525" face="sans-serif"><span style="font-size:14px"><br></span></font></div></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">2016-11-02 10:49 GMT-04:00 Jameson Quinn <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:jameson.quinn@gmail.com" target="_blank">jameson.quinn@gmail.com</a>></span>:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">I said earlier that I couldn't think of a realistic scenario where PAR fails to choose the CW. I've now thought of one:<div><br></div><div>22: A>B</div><div>4: A>C</div><div>25: B>A</div><div>49: C>AB (or C>anything including at least 3% which accept C, and at least as many C>A as C>B)</div><div><br></div><div>This can be thought of as a variety of center squeeze, with A as the center. (Sorry, I know that the convention is to use B as the center, but I don't want to rewrite this whole email.)</div><div><br></div><div>The B>A voters did not account for the second preference of the A>C voters, so, unexpectedly to them, neither B nor C is eliminated. If C had been eliminated, A would not have needed the B>A ballots to win; and if B had been, the B>A ballots would have rolled over to A. But since neither of these things happened, C wins, instead of the CW A.</div><div><br></div><div>In order to ensure A can beat C, the B voters would have to almost-unanimously top-rate A. But that would mean that B couldn't win if the B faction happened to outweigh the A factions.</div><div><br></div><div>I find this scenario plausible, but still not very likely. I think that in most cases, either B would get less than 25% preferences and be eliminated; or, if A and B are both comfortably over 25% preferred, C would get over 50% rejection and be eliminated.</div><div><br></div><div>I guess that a slightly more-plausible version of the scenario is:</div><div><br></div><div><div><br></div><div>22: A>B</div><div>4: A>C</div><div>5: BA</div><div>20: B>A</div><div>49: C>AB (or C>anything including at least 3% which accept B, and at least as many C>A as C>B)</div></div><div><br></div><div>In this case, C wins, but the 5 BA voters could elect A by voting A>B.</div><div><br></div><div>Whoops! That's an FBC violation! Note that it's not a violation if all the voters who honestly prefer B>A can strategize as a bloc, but it is a violation for any individuals in that group if they know that the rest of the group will be using sub-optimal strategy.</div><div><br></div><div>So in general, PAR violates FBC in a center-squeeze scenario in situations where the Condorcet loser is not majority-rejected. In a situation where the honest preferences are roughly as in the second scenario above, there are several ways that the CW could still win:</div><div><ol><li>The A voters largely reject B (defensive truncation)</li><li>The B voters almost unanimously prefer A (defensive compromise)</li><li>A few B or AB voters say A>B (defensive betrayal or truncation)</li><li>The C voters almost unanimously reject B (strategically suboptimal over-truncation)</li><li>A few B voters say ∅>AB (defensive, um, I don't know what that is called. "Denormalization"? "Weakening"? Technically, this could be seen as restoring FBC compliance, but that's a stretch. I'd call that "semi-FBC" at best.)</li><li>Combination of 1 and 4 above</li><li>Combination of 3 and 5 above (although since either one requires relatively few voters, it's unlikely that both would be needed.)</li></ol></div><div>In general, I still think that PAR does exceptionally well with naive ballots, because I think that cases where the problem arises, but none of the above solutions happens naturally, would be rare. But hmmm... failing FBC... I recognize that that looks bad. </div><div><br></div><div>Is there a way to fix this? I guess you could run PAR's step 3 as IRV-style successive eliminations. In that case, B would be eliminated first, and the votes would go to A, so C would lose. But.... I suspect it's still possible, although massively unlikely in practice, to make a pathology where the elimination would go in the wrong order, so that the resulting system fails FBC.</div><div><br></div><div>Oh... and I guess that solution 5 above doesn't actually give even "semi-FBC", because in theory the C voters could counter it by voting CB>... in exactly the right proportions (offensive turkey-raising). I don't think this would ever work in practice because it requires knowing exactly how many of another faction will strategize AND sophisticated within-faction vote-management, but it still blows the criterion.</div><div><br></div><div>Anybody have any thoughts on any of this?</div><div><br></div></div><div class="HOEnZb"><div class="h5"><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">2016-11-02 9:03 GMT-04:00 Jameson Quinn <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:jameson.quinn@gmail.com" target="_blank">jameson.quinn@gmail.com</a>></span>:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">I made the electowiki page for <a href="http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/Prefer_Accept_Reject_voting" target="_blank">PAR voting</a>, and I'm liking the system more and more. In the Tennessee voting example, Nashville wins in a strong equilibrium; as far as I can recall, this is the only non-Condorcet system where that's true.<div><br></div><div>Compared to MAS, it loses later-no-help, IIA (though it still has LIIA), and summability (though it has two-pass O(N) summability). It may gain majority voted Condorcet loser, though I don't yet have a proof for that.</div><div><br></div><div>In practice, I expect that it would be rare to have elections with other than exactly 1 or 2 non-eliminated candidates. In such elections, this system elects the voted pairwise winner of the non-eliminated candidates. In fact, I can't think of a single realistic scenario where the most obvious naive votes don't elect an existing CW, including nonmajority CWs. In particular, it handles both CD and center squeeze using naive votes.</div></div>
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