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<p class="MsoNormal">The following method is based on score or range style
ballots.<span> </span>I believe it satisfies the FBC,
Plurality, the CD, Monotonicity, Participation,<span>
</span>Clone Independence, and the IPDA.<span>
</span>It reduces to ordinary Approval when only the extreme ratings are used
for all candidates.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I call it MinMaxPairwiseApproval or MinMaxPA for short.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">It is based on a concept of “pairwise approval.”<span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">A zero to 100% cardinal ratings ballot contributes the
following amount to the “pairwise approval of candidate X relative to candidate
Y”: </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The amount is either …</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">100% if X is rated strictly above Y, or</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Zero if X is rated strictly below Y, or</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Their common rating if they are rated equally.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">According to this definition, the ballot’s contribution to
the pairwise approval of X relative to itself is simply the ballot’s rating of
X, since it is rated equally with itself.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The method elects the candidate whose minimum pairwise
approval (relative to all candidates including self) is maximal.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The motivation for this idea is the question, “If candidates
X and Y were the only two candidates with any significant chance of winning the
election, what is the probability that the ratings ballot voter would want X
approved (in a Designated Strategy Voting system, say)?”</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">If the voter rated X over Y, this probability would be 100
percent.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">If the voter rated Y over X, this probability would be zero.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">If the voter rated both X and Y at 100 percent, this
probability would be 100 percent.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">If the voter rated them both at zero, she would want neither
of the approved.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">If she rated them both at 50%, then our best guess is that there
is a fifty-fifty chance that she would approve X.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Etc.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Whatever nice properties the method has depends solely on
its definition, not the motivation for the definition, so please explore it
with an open mind.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Tomorrow, when I have more time, I’ll give some examples.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal">Enjoy,</p><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal">Forest</p><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal">P.S.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal">The rules can be modified for ranked preference ballots:</p><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal">The amount (per ballot) of approval of X relative to Y is either ...</p><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal">100 percent if X is ranked ahead of Y or equal top with Y<br></p><p class="MsoNormal">zero if Y is ranked ahead of X or equal bottom with X<br></p><p class="MsoNormal">50 percent if both are ranked equally and strictly between top and bottom.<br></p>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br></div><div class="gmail_extra">Smith//MaxMinPA may be a nice method that trades the FBC and possibly other nice properties for the Condorcet Criterion.<br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br></div></div>