<p dir="ltr">Alright, but didn't we once decide that a top-2 runoff would spoil Approval's FBC?</p>
<p dir="ltr">The requirement to get Approval from 40% of the voters, for staying in the election, seems harmless in that regard. </p>
<p dir="ltr">But does it make it any easier for voters? They must still deal with all of the candidates in the 1st balloting.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Another possible benefit could be the 1sf balloting could provide information to inform strategy in the 2nd balloting.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Brams &/or Fishburn suggested a preliminary balloting that wouldn't eliminate anyone. It's only purpose would be to provide that strategic information.</p>
<p dir="ltr">But, for that, wouldn't a vote-for-favorite balloting be better?</p>
<p dir="ltr">Maybe a balloting to indicate favorite. If anyone gets majority, S/he wins. If more than 1 get majority, only they go into the next balloting.</p>
<p dir="ltr">If no majorities, then you could require 40% for the next balloting.</p>
<p dir="ltr">If no 40%, then just elect the highest vote getter.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Anyway, might not that informational balloting be intentionally deceptively voted by some?</p>
<p dir="ltr">Maybe adding complications to Approval would only complicate voting.</p>
<p dir="ltr">It would certainly lose Approval's obvious simplicity. From just one obvious way to count, it would change to one of many possible modifications.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Michael Ossipoff</p>
<p dir="ltr">On Oct 2, 2016 10:31 PM, "Rob Lanphier" <<a href="mailto:robla@robla.net">robla@robla.net</a>> wrote:<br>
><br>
> On Sun, Oct 2, 2016 at 6:35 PM, Michael Ossipoff <<a href="mailto:email9648742@gmail.com">email9648742@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
>><br>
>> I like a 1-stage system, whether Approval, Score, 3-Slot ICT (Deluxe Approval), or Bucklin, etc., or something fancier.<br>
>><br>
>> Half the cost. ...& it seems to me that, when we discussed it before, there were other advantages to a 1-stage election.<br>
><br>
><br>
> We've both been advocates for over 20 years, and I used to be convinced of the mathematical advantages of a single stage election. However, now that we all have witnessed the IRV dynamic in more and more settings (e.g. Burlington 2009), I think I've become convinced that a 2-stage process has big advantages for making good decisions in high stakes elections. It's good to have a first stage for democratic vetting to weed out dangerously flawed candidates (and to make it possible for the non-crackpots to rise above the noise created by the crackpots). <br>
><br>
> The trend in user interface design is toward "anticipatory design"[1] (not overwhelming the user with too many choices). As advocates, we have touted the benefits of more choices, but that hasn't helped us. The problem:<br>
> * An election can have 1 clear frontrunner ("establishment candidate"), 2 other viable choices, and 5 extremists<br>
> * The frontrunner can lump his/her opposition in with the extremists, and occupy "the center"<br>
> * The viable opposition can't raise any more money than any of the "extremist" candidates<br>
> * The voters don't have the mental energy to tell the difference between a viable choice and an extremist<br>
> * The frontrunner wins without having to win on merit.<br>
><br>
> I'm still not an advocate for IRV, but it's also become clear to me that some of the problems with IRV in practice aren't with the tally method. I'm living in San Francisco now, and I'm finding that decision fatigue in elections is also a problem. An incumbent has an *enormous* advantage in the general election with a ranked choice ballot, because the opposition has a difficult time consolidating around a viable alternative.[2]<br>
><br>
> Rob<br>
><br>
> [1]: <a href="http://qz.com/429929/the-next-design-trend-is-one-that-eliminates-all-choices/">http://qz.com/429929/the-next-design-trend-is-one-that-eliminates-all-choices/</a><br>
> [2]: <a href="http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/S-F-Mayor-Ed-Lee-may-have-no-challengers-in-5940768.php">http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/S-F-Mayor-Ed-Lee-may-have-no-challengers-in-5940768.php</a><br>
><br>
><br>
</p>