<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote">Sorry; I sent a premature version of this response to Chris alone. This is the same as that, except for this paragraph. The one thing I wanted to reemphasize here is that I'm not trying to make this into a battle between good systems. IBIFA, Smith//Approval, Schulze, and Approval do not belong to the class of single-winner methods I call "best" (though IBIFA almost does); but I still consider all of those methods extremely good, and would enthusiastically join a campaign for their use in some jurisdiction.<br><div dir="ltr"><br><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote"><span class="">2016-09-06 8:56 GMT-04:00 C.Benham <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:cbenham@adam.com.au" target="_blank">cbenham@adam.com.au</a>></span>:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span>On 9/6/2016 6:00 AM, Jameson Quinn wrote:<br>
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It's really hard to respond point-by-point as a third party in a discussion like this. However, I'd like to say in general that I believe that Majority Judgment, and more-generally, the class of "median" or "graded Bucklin" systems which includes MJ, MCA, GMJ, ERB, DA, etc., are the best non-delegated single-winner systems for a potentially-strategic electorate, in terms of outcome. <br>
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C: How are they better than IBIFA? Or, say, Smith//Approval?<br>
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<a href="http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/IBIFA" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://wiki.electorama.com/wik<wbr>i/IBIFA</a></blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>First off: IBIFA is similar to MCA, and thus almost a member of this class. So I definitely consider it to be a very good system. </div><div><br></div><div>Second, I think that DA may be better than IBIFA, not in outcomes, but in ease of explanation. This may, in practice, impact outcomes; something that's easier to understand may make people marginally more likely to vote.</div><div><br></div><div>In terms of outcomes: I think that IBIFA does the wrong thing when it fails to find a "top-rating" winner. Falling back to "most above-bottom" rankings brings the chicken dilemma into the choice of whether to rank above bottom. That's why, in DA, in the case where all candidates are majority disqualified, the winner is the one with the most top ratings, not the most non-disqualified (above-bottom) ratings.</div><div><br></div><div>As to Smith//Approval: also a very good method. But it does include incentives for non-semi-honest strategy, which rated Bucklin systems don't.</div><span class=""><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span><br>
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To me, the toughest realistic election scenario is the chicken dilemma. For instance, consider the following 900-voter scenario<br>
300: A>B>>C<br>
200: B>>A>C<br>
400: C>>B>A<br>
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(where ">>" indicates universal agreement, and ">" at bottom indicates 90% agreement and 10% reversal)<br>
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C: How is this a "chicken dilemma" scenario? In this context, I don't understand what the words "agreement" and "reversal" mean.</blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>What I'm saying there is that 200:B>>A>C is actually shorthand for 180:B>>A>C, 20:B>>C>A.</div><span class=""><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span><br>
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DA: "Double Approval" or "Disqualify/Approve" voting. Voters can rate each candidate preferred, neutral, or disqualified. (Both preferred and disqualified is also legal and counted, though it's strategically nonsensical.) Winner is the most-preferred among those not majority disqualified. If all candidates are majority-disqualified, winner is simply most-preferred. Any candidate who is majority-disqualified is prohibited from appearing on the ballot for the same office in the following election.<br>
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Lately, I favor DA,<br>
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C: Why is rating a candidate both approved and "disqualified" "legal and counted"?</blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>Two reasons:</div><div>1. Even though it doesn't make any sense strategically, it avoids throwing away the ballot as spoiled. In general, for most candidates, only one of the two kinds of votes is going to matter; and insofar as the voter meant either of the marks, it seems more likely that they mean the one that matters.</div><div>2. This makes the system meet the Frohnmayer balance criterion.</div><span class=""><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"> What is the default rating? </blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>There is a complex rule for this.</div><div><br></div><div>There are three check mark spaces per ballot, for approve, explicit neutral, and disqualify. Explicit neutral, when it's in combination with another mark or marks, has no meaning. For blank lines, use the following rules, in order:</div><div><br></div><div>1. If a voter has used any explicit neutral rankings, any blank rankings they include are considered "semi-explicit" disqualify ratings. (This is a case where I think intent is pretty clear.)</div><div>2. If the top two candidates by approvals both have a majority of explicit or semi-explicit disqualify ratings, then neutral rankings are all counted as implicit disqualify ratings. (This helps prevent unintentional "dark horse" wins. It's also a statistical view of intent: if voters tend to be negative with their explicit votes, then implicit votes should be considered negative too.)</div><div>3. If neither of the above hold, then blank lines are considered as neutral grades. (As above: if voters aren't too negative with explicit votes, then I think their intent is most likely not negative with implicit ones.)</div><span class=""><div> </div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"> The rule regarding "the following election" I consider arbitrary<br>
and very undemocratic.<br></blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>This is the case where a candidate wins despite the fact that the majority of the electorate put them at bottom. If they are to win a second term, they must do so as a write-in.</div><div><br></div><div>"NOTA" is a popular proposal. I consider it wrong-headed as part of plurality, but I understand the sentiment, and so I think the above is a reasonable compromise.</div><span class=""><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
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In all these Bucklin/MJ/MCA methods the strategic incentive for the voters to just cast approval-type votes (i.e. only use the top and bottom slots/grades) is in my view<br>
far too strong. The least bad of them is 3-slot MTA (where if more than one candidate exceeds the majority threshold in the second round the winner is the one of those with the<br>
most Top Ratings), which is simple and slightly reduces the truncation incentive. It didn't make your list.<br></blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>That was not intentional. Note that AD is pretty similar, and arguably farther in the direction you're favoring. </div><span class=""><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
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All them absurdly fail Irrelevant Ballots independence and (unless you have a fetish for strict compliance with Later-no-Help) are completely dominated by IBIFA.<br>
The IBIFA winner will always pairwise beat any different winner that any of these methods come up with.<br></blockquote><div><br></div></span><div>Let's take a case where IBIFA and DA disagree.</div><div><br></div><div>40: D>...>A,B</div><div>35: A>B>D</div><div>25: B>...>A,D</div><div><br></div><div>IBIFA elects A; DA elects B. </div><div><br></div><div>Obviously, one could tweak these numbers to try to make one or the other system look better or worse. But I think that this scenario is more or less a neutral example of its class. </div><div><br></div><div>The main question is: are the B voters being honest? If they truly feel that A is unacceptable, then I think that B should win. If they are using a chicken strategy and hiding their true preference for A over D, then A should win.</div><div><br></div><div>My feeling is that this kind of situation, where the strategic symmetry between the A and B factions is badly broken, is more likely to occur through some honest difference rather than through strategy. After all, if their sizes are similar, their strategic incentives are relatively symmetric; and if the A group is highly dominant, then it's likely that A voters would disqualify B, given that even a minority of A voters would be enough to do so.</div><div><br></div><div>So, while I think that this is a legitimately hard kind of scenario and there is some argument for the IBIFA answer, I still feel that DA is not only undominated by IBIFA, it's actually better here.</div><div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
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Chris Benham<br>
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