<html><head></head><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif;font-size:12px"><div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470343999996_3998"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470343999996_3999">I do not think proportionality of seats won would be sufficient for an outcome to be called proportional/equitable. If you elect representatives to a legislative chamber that makes decisions by majority rule, you could reasonably fear that there will not be proportionality of "benefit" received from the policies enacted, no matter how you elected the representatives.</span></div><div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470343999996_3998"><span><br></span></div><div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470343999996_3998"><span id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470343999996_4516">Kevin</span></div><div class="qtdSeparateBR" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470343999996_3995"><br><br></div><div class="yahoo_quoted" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470343999996_3806" style="display: block;"> <div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470343999996_3805"> <div style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470343999996_3804"> <div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470343999996_3996"> <font size="2" face="Arial" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470343999996_4230"> <hr size="1" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470343999996_4258"> <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">De :</span></b> Richard Lung <voting@ukscientists.com><br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">À :</span></b> EM <election-methods@lists.electorama.com> <br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Envoyé le :</span></b> Mercredi 3 août 2016 14h08<br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Objet :</span></b> [EM] Proportional representation.<br> </font> </div> <div class="y_msg_container" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470343999996_3803"><br><div id="yiv7720009749">
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<big id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470343999996_4872"><big id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470343999996_4871">To all,<br>
Social choice theory seems to deny fairness of elections without
an adequate fairness criterion. The Oxford dictionary defines
fair as equitable, which is to say proportional. Obviously,
then, according to social choice theory there is no fair
electoral system, because its rules do not allow for the
proportional count criterion of fairness. (It is based on
preference voting - necessary but not sufficient - Iain Maclean,
Democracy and New Technology.)<br>
It recently occured to me that social choice theory is an
ethnocentric apology for the hounding of proportional
representation from some 20 American cities. <br>
<br>
From<br>
Richard Lung.<br>
<br>
</big></big>
<pre class="yiv7720009749moz-signature" id="yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1470343999996_4877">--
Richard Lung.
E-books (mostly available free or reader-sets-price)
<a rel="nofollow" class="yiv7720009749moz-txt-link-freetext" target="_blank" href="http://www.voting.ukscientists.com/colverse.html">http://www.voting.ukscientists.com/colverse.html</a>
Includes the series of books on:
Democracy Science (starting with electoral reform and research);
Commentaries (literature and liberty; science and democracy);
Collected verse (in five books).</pre>
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