<div dir="ltr"><div><div><div>Juho,<br><br></div>thanks for your insights.<br><br></div>In your excellent example, candidate D appears to be the IA-MPO winner, especially if we define implicit approval as "ranked above bottom."<br><br></div>Forest<br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Jun 5, 2015 at 12:03 AM, Juho Laatu <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:juho4880@yahoo.com" target="_blank">juho4880@yahoo.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div>One solution for this problem would be to use some rated method. If every voter votes according to his travel distances to each candidate center we could get ideal results. I mean that actually we are discussing here indirectly whether to use ranked or rated methods.</div><div><br></div><div>(In the example one could mandate each voter to vote based on the distance (in the rated method based election), or calculate the results based on the addresses of the voters, i.e. without having an election. This way we could get rid of any possible strategies. :-) )</div><div><br></div><div>When compared to the rated methods, (plain) Condorcet methods focus only on counting the majorities, not the strength of opinions. In this example any two 33 voter groups could form a clear majority. They could agree to vote together to make the center between them the winner. Any sensible argument against the third 33 voter group could be a sufficient reason (for the two 33 groups) to do so.</div><div><br></div><div>One could say that Condorcet methods aim at electing stable winners. They try to seek a winner that will not be disliked by some clear majority. (I'm vague here because the behaviour of different Condorcet methods is somewhat different.) If you would elect C, there could easily be some majority alliance that would be interested in trying to change the elected center to another center. If you elect Mx, the outcome is probably more stable.</div><div><br></div><div>One can study this example also from strategic voting point of view. I guess the given votes are quite stable and there are no obvious strategies to improve one's (distance based) expected outcome. Condorcet could however make it possible to strategically make the result worse in the sense that the voters could reduce their expected outcome in terms of distance but make the expected outcome better in the sense that the whole society would benefit of it. I mean that many voters could see that C is obviously in some sense best for the society, and they could therefore rank C first in their ballots. No harm done and no risks doing so, if the voters truly prefer a solution that is good for all, and not just good for them personally. The point here is that Condorcet does not force them to make decisions that they consider stupid. If some solution looks stupid to us in some example, maybe the voters would see that stupidity too, and vote accordingly (changing their preferences to something more sensible).</div><div><br></div><div>Juho</div><div><br></div><div>P.S. I'm ok with electing Condorcet losers in some (extreme) scenarios. As I already said, Condorcet methods tend to seek stable solutions. In the following example the Condorcet loser (D) is disliked only very mildly in the pairwise comparisons, while all the others have a strong opposition against them (in favour of changing them to some other candidate).</div><div><div>17 A>B>D>C</div></div><div><div><div>16 A>D>B>C</div><div>17 B>C>D>A</div></div><div>16 B>D>C>A</div><div>17 C>A>D>B</div></div><div><div><div>16 C>D>A>B</div></div></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><br><div><blockquote type="cite"><div><div class="h5"><div>On 05 Jun 2015, at 05:11, Forest Simmons <<a href="mailto:fsimmons@pcc.edu" target="_blank">fsimmons@pcc.edu</a>> wrote:</div><br></div></div><div><div><div class="h5"><div dir="ltr"><br><div class="gmail_extra"><p class="MsoNormal">Suppose that a town with 100 voting citizens has 33 voters residing
at each of the three vertices of an equilateral triangle (with two mile sides,
say), and one voter residing within two hundred yards of the the center of the
triangle.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal">Proposed sites for the new community center are M1, M2, and
M3, at the respective midpoints of the three sides of the triangle, as well as
site C at the center of the triangle’ a couple of hundred yards from the lone voter
that we just mentioned.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal">Assuming that voters prefer closer sites over more distant
sites the preferences are</p><div> <br></div><p class="MsoNormal">33 M1=M2>C</p><p class="MsoNormal">33 M1=M3>C</p><p class="MsoNormal">33 M2=M3>C</p><p class="MsoNormal">01 C</p><p class="MsoNormal">Note that C is the Condorcet Loser, since each of the M’s
beats C pairwise by almost a two-thirds majority, 66 to 34.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal">On the other hand, C is the IA winner with 100 percent
implicit approval.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal">Candidate C is also the IA-MPO winner with a score of
100-66, compared with 66-33 for the other alternatives.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal">How about average distance of voters from each of the alternatives?</p><p class="MsoNormal">The average distance to alternative C is 0.66 times the
square root of three miles, or about 1.14 miles.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal">The average distance to any of the M’s is about 1.24 miles.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal">If the M’s were moved directly away from their midpoint
positions to a position nearly twice as far from the center as the midpoint
position, the preference schedule based on distances would not change, but the
average distance from voter to any of the M’s would go up from <span></span>about 1.24 to about 1.52 miles, more than 33
percent farther than the average distance to C.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><br></p><p class="MsoNormal">Think of it: the center location is about 33 percent better
on average.<span> </span>It cuts the distance in half
for the faction that ends up furthest from the winning M, and doesn’t give a
lopsided solution where 33 voters have to go twice as far (forever after) as
the other 66 voters on the vertices of the triangle.<span> </span>It is the geometrical center solution and the
approval solution, but it is the Condorcet Loser.</p>
</div></div></div></div>
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