<div dir="ltr">Kawai and Watanabe 2013 uses what looks to me to be pretty reasonable statistical methods and assumptions to estimate that voters for the Japanese House of Representatives (plurality single-member districts) are between 68% and 83% intrinsically strategic. Crucially, their methods can estimate the number of intrinsically "strategic" voters who end up voting honestly because that was the best strategy for them; it turns out that they estimate that 92-98% of intrinsically "strategic" voters in this sense actually vote honestly (that is, 95-98% of all voters are voting honestly in their data).<div>
<br></div><div>In order for their model to work, they need to be comparing the results of similar sub-regions (like precincts; actually, they use small municipalities) in different electoral districts. They must also assume that different candidates from the same party are essentially similar. There must also be sufficient votes for more than 2 parties for their model to work with. I doubt that they could have gotten a worthwhile estimate if they'd used US data.</div>
<div><br></div><div>I haven't read the paper carefully enough to be 100% sure, but based on a quick skim, it appears that they're assuming that the proportion of strategic voters is constant across ideological groups. That's probably necessary in order for their parameters to be identifiable/estimable for the data they have, and close enough to true for their results to be valid. However, this does mean that their work doesn't give any evidence one way or the other about how or whether strategic proportion varies across ideology.</div>
<div><br></div><div>Still, these numbers seem pretty reasonable to me. It's certainly useful to have an "empirical" number that I can plug into my VSE (aka BR) simulations. In particular, the most realistic scenarios are in the range from 75% strategic/25% honest, 50% strategic/50% one-sided strategic. That's a considerably narrower range than if you have to consider any combination of strategy, honesty, and one-sidedness. Someday soon I'll re-run my VSE sims focusing on these numbers and report what I find here. </div>
<div><br></div><div>If anybody wants to read the PDF of this paper but doesn't have access, email me privately, and I'll send you a copy.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div>