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      <blockquote type="cite">"ME(et-eb) is chicken proof,..."</blockquote>
      <br>
      35 A>B<br>
      25 B<br>
      40 C<br>
      <br>
      B>C>A>B    et-eb scores:  B-15 > C-20 > A-30<br>
      <br>
      Forest's suggested ME(et-eb) method elects B, but the Chicken
      Dilemma criterion says that the winner must not be B.<br>
      <br>
      <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/Chicken_Dilemma_Criterion">http://wiki.electorama.com/wiki/Chicken_Dilemma_Criterion</a><br>
      <br>
      Also this method can fail to elect a candidate that is voted below
      no other on more than half the ballots.<br>
      <br>
      46 A>C<br>
      10 B>A<br>
      10 B>C<br>
      34 B=C<br>
      <br>
      C>B>A>C   et-eb scores:  C24 > B8 > A2     100
      ballots, e-t scores  B54 > A46 > C34<br>
      <br>
      ME(et-eb) elects  C.<br>
      <br>
      Also it fails Unburiable Mutual Dominant Third.<br>
      <br>
      34 A>B<br>
      17 C>A<br>
      16 B>C<br>
      31 B<br>
      02 B>C (sincere is B or B>A)<br>
      <br>
      B>C>A>B    et-eb scores: B32 > A-15 > C-48<br>
      <br>
      A is the sincere MDT winner, but ME(et-eb)  easily elects the
      buriers' favourite B.<br>
      <br>
      <br>
      Chris Benham<br>
      <br>
      <br>
      <br>
      On 5/10/2014 9:27 AM, Forest Simmons wrote:<br>
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    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAP29ond8DLzN==MY_y_Tmqi6FX=qvZU4N6a5c+8dv2V91QkJ_Q@mail.gmail.com"
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                                        <div>Here's how majority
                                          enhanced approval works:  It
                                          elects the approval winner
                                          unless she is covered by some
                                          other candidate.  In that case
                                          from among those that cover
                                          her it elects the one with the
                                          most approval.  Unless she
                                          also is covered, in which case
                                          from among those that cover
                                          her, it elects the one with
                                          the most approval, etc.<br>
                                          <br>
                                        </div>
                                        Another fancier way to
                                        articulate this goes like this:
                                        First initialize a list with the
                                        name of the approval winner. 
                                        Then while at least one
                                        candidate covers every candidate
                                        named on the list, from among
                                        such candidates add to the list
                                        the one with the greatest
                                        approval.  Elect the candidate
                                        whose name was added last.<br>
                                        <br>
                                      </div>
                                      Obviously, the MEA winner is
                                      uncovered.  This means that to
                                      every other candidate she has a
                                      short beat path, i.e. if she
                                      doesn't beat him, she beats
                                      someone who does.  Since she has a
                                      beatpath to every other candidate
                                      she is a member of Smith.<br>
                                      <br>
                                    </div>
                                    We can majority enhance other kinds
                                    of methods that generate a social
                                    order.  For example, we could list
                                    the candidates in order of max
                                    pairwise opposition, initialize the
                                    list with the name of the candidate
                                    with the best score, etc. While some
                                    candidate covers all candidates
                                    listed, from among those covering
                                    candidates add to the list the one
                                    with the best score, etc.<br>
                                    <br>
                                  </div>
                                  Currently the score that I like best
                                  because of simplicity and other
                                  properties is what I call et-eb, Equal
                                  Top minus Equal Bottom.<br>
                                  <br>
                                </div>
                                A candidate's et-eb score is the
                                difference in the number of ballots on
                                which she is ranked below no other
                                candidate and the number of ballots on
                                which she is ranked above no other
                                candidate.<br>
                                <br>
                              </div>
                              ME(et-eb) is chicken proof, monotone,
                              clone proof, and elects an uncovered
                              candidate from Smith.  It satisfies
                              Independence from Pareto Dominated
                              Alternatives and the Plurality criterion. 
                              It does all of these things seamlessly
                              from the et-eb order and the pairwise
                              defeat graph, which are easily assembled
                              from a summable matrix..<br>
                              <br>
                            </div>
                            Here's how it works on Kevin's famous
                            chicken example:<br>
                            <br>
                          </div>
                          49 C<br>
                        </div>
                        27 A>B<br>
                      </div>
                      24 B<br>
                      <br>
                    </div>
                    The et-eb scores are
                    C(49-51)>B(24-49)>A(27-73)<br>
                    <br>
                  </div>
                  Candidate C is elected because she has the best score
                  and is uncovered (because she has a short beatpath to
                  each of the other candidates).<br>
                  <br>
                </div>
                Notice that when there are only three candidates in
                Smith, this method always gives the same result as
                Smith//(et-eb), but is more seamless. .  Furthermore (in
                the case of three candidates) the et-eb scores yield the
                same order as the Borda scores, so in the case of three
                candidates this method is equivalent to Black (provided
                Black allows equal ranking and truncation)..<br>
                <br>
              </div>
              With any number of candidates you can think of there being
              three levels: equal bottom, equal top, and in between. 
              The in between ranks do not affect the score, but they do
              contribute to the pairwise matrix, and thereby help
              determine the covering relation.<br>
              <br>
            </div>
            Note that (by definition) candidate X covers candidate Y iff
            for each candidate Z, whenever Y defeats Z, then so does X. 
            <br>
            <br>
            So if Y is not covered by X, there is some Z that if beaten
            by Y but not by X, which gives a short beatpath from Y to X,
            namely Y>Z>X .<br>
            <br>
          </div>
          This short beatpath idea allows for an alternative definition
          of covering:<br>
          <br>
        </div>
        Candidate X covers candidate Y iff there is no short beatpath
        from Y to X.<br>
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      <pre wrap="">----
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